溴甲烷低温熏蒸对桔小实蝇的杀灭效果及火龙果品质的影响研究  

Effect of low temperature methyl bromide fumigation on the survival of Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel and postharvest quality of pitaya(Hylocereus undatus)fruit

作　　者：赵天泽 李丽[1] 张李香[2] 邵宝林 杨益芬 王勇涛 刘涛[1] Zhao Tianze;Li Li;Zhang Lixiang;Shao Baolin;Yang Yifen;Wang Yongtao;Liu Tao(China Academy of Inspection and Quarantine,Beijing 100123,China;Heilongjiang University;Technical Center of Chengdu Customs District;Chengdu Customs District)

机构地区：[1]中国检验检疫科学研究院,北京100123 [2]黑龙江大学 [3]成都海关技术中心 [4]成都海关

出　　处：《植物检疫》2021年第6期55-60,共6页Plant Quarantine

基　　金：中国检科院基本科研业务费项目(2018JK025);海关总署科技计划项目(2019HK031);市场监管总局技术保障项目“食品储运生物污染控制专项”2021。

摘　　要：为了开发冷藏火龙果(Hylocereus undatus)中桔小实蝇(Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel)的口岸检疫处理技术,本文测试了5℃条件下溴甲烷熏蒸处理对桔小实蝇3龄幼虫的杀灭效果和对红心火龙果品质的影响。毒力测试结果表明,在5℃条件下,熏蒸浓度增加或熏蒸时间延长均可提高溴甲烷对桔小实蝇的杀灭效果;几率值分析结果表明,熏蒸浓度和暴露时间对溴甲烷的毒力具有等效的贡献,在95%置信区间下,溴甲烷杀灭99.9968%桔小实蝇3龄幼虫所需的浓度时间乘积约为250 g·h/m^(3);品质测定结果表明,与对照组相比,溴甲烷常温处理显著提高了储藏期间火龙果的呼吸速率,而低温溴甲烷熏蒸不仅对火龙果的外观、色泽,硬度、可溶性糖和总酸度等品质指标无显著影响,且对火龙果的呼吸速率有一定的抑制作用,从而有利于火龙果的储藏和运输。因此低温溴甲烷熏蒸可在杀灭桔小实蝇的同时保持火龙果的品质,且可与冷链运输紧密衔接,具有较好的应用前景。In order to develop the quarantine treatment technology for Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel in cold-stored pitaya(Hylocereus undatus)fruit,the effect of methyl bromide(MB)fumigation on the survivorship of B.dorsalis’s 3 rd instar larvae and the quality of red pitaya fruit were studied at 5℃.Toxicity test showed that increasing concentrations and prolonging exposure time could both increase the toxicity of methyl bromide against B.dorsalis at 5℃.Probit analysis showed that fumigation concentration(C)and exposure time(T)had equal contributions to the toxicity of methyl bromide.The CT product of methyl bromide required to achieve 99.9968%mortality was about 250 g·h/m^(3)at 95%confidence level;quality test showed that compared with control,the respiration rate of pitaya fruit was significantly increased after MB fumigation at normal temperature,however,after low temperature MB fumigation,the respiration rate of pitaya fruit was inhibited,and the appearance,color,hardness,soluble sugar and total acidity of pitaya fruit were not significantly affected,which was beneficial to the storage and transportation of pitaya fruit.Therefore,low temperature methyl bromide fumigation can not only effectively kill B.dorsalis,but also maintain the quality of pitaya fruit,and be closely linked with cold chain transportation,thus has a good application prospect.

关 键 词：火龙果 桔小实蝇 低温 熏蒸 溴甲烷 

分 类 号：S412[农业科学—植物保护]