云南省楚雄彝族自治州犬类狂犬病监测系统构建与实践的评介  

Evaluation on the Construction and Practice of Canine Rabies Surveillance System in Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture,Yunnan Province

作　　者：章域震[1] 杨卫红[1] 张海林[1] 冯云[1] 周济华[1] 潘虹[1] 韩茜[1] Zhang Yuzhen;Yang Weihong;Zhang Hailin;Feng Yun;Zhou Jihua;Pan Hong;Han Xi(Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention,Dali,Yunnan 671000,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省地方病防治所,云南大理671000

出　　处：《大理大学学报》2021年第10期82-86,共5页Journal of Dali University

摘　　要：目的:评介2011—2013年云南省楚雄彝族自治州犬类狂犬病监测系统的构建与运行。方法:获知一犬伤多人事件(ADAI)发生,医学干预启动,调查涉事犬、人,采集肇事犬脑组织标本送实验室检测。检测方法为免疫荧光试验和逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)。现场调查报告构成了ADAI报告监测系统(ARSS)的数据基础。24 h内,实验室诊断报告提交。同时,收集非ADAI可疑病犬信息并采样。ADAI和非ADAI标本共同构成了有实验室支持的犬类狂犬病监测系统(Lab-CCSS)的材料基础。结果:2011—2013年,共收到89起ADAI报告,乡村地区占94.38%。ADAI肇事犬采样率51.69%(46/89),阳性率91.30%(42/46)。非ADAI可疑犬22只,阳性率59.09%(13/22)。在ADAI中,追踪到336人暴露;其中,≤14岁儿童风险最高,占30.36%,在头面部咬伤者中占80.00%(8/10),多重咬伤者中占40.54%(15/37)。结论:ARSS在疫情期间筛识狂犬病病犬具有高灵敏度,楚雄彝族自治州积累的实践经验对云南省乃至全国犬类狂犬病监测系统的建立具有重要价值。Objective:To evaluate the performance of the canine rabies surveillance system conducted in Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture,Yunnan Province from 2010 to 2013.Methods:Upon the occurrence of aggressive dog-attack incidents(ADAI),medical intervention will be initiated to investigate the dogs and people involved.The dog brains were sampled and sent for laboratory testing using direct immunofluorescence assay and RT-PCR.The field investigation reports provided the material basis for the ADAI report surveillance system(ARSS).Within 24 hours,the laboratory diagnostic reports were submitted to local authorities.Meanwhile,the non-ADAI dogs suspected with the signs of rabies were also sampled and tested.Based on the brain tissue specimens from ADAI and non-ADAI dogs,a lab-based canine-rabies case surveillance system(Lab-CCSS)was established.Results:From 2011 to 2013,a total of 89 ADAI reports were submitted;rural areas accounted for 94.38%.The sampling rate of ADAI dogs was 51.69%(46/89)and the positive rate was 91.30%(42/46).The positive rate of the non-ADAI dogs sampled was 59.09%(13/22).In ADAI,336 people were potentially exposed to rabies and children≤14 years of age were at the highest risk,accounting for 30.36%of the total,80.00%(8/10)of the head and face bites and 40.54%(15/37)of multiple bites.Conclusion:ARSS has a high sensitivity in screening rabies dogs.The experience accumulated by Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture has significant reference value to establishing a canine rabies surveillance system in Yunnan Province and even in China.

关 键 词：一犬伤多人事件 犬类狂犬病监测 实验室诊断 楚雄彝族自治州 

分 类 号：R512.99[医药卫生—内科学]