不同氮沉降对耐冬山茶和茶梅生长及生理特性的影响  

Effects of Different Nitrogen Deposition on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Camellia japonica(NaiDong)and Camellia sasanqua

作　　者：马翔 李辉 郭霄 李明燕 柳健 李有 刘庆超 王奎玲 刘庆华 MA Xiang;LI Hui;GUO Xiao;LI Mingyan;LIU Jian;LI You;LIU Qingchao;WANG Kuiling;LIU Qinghua(College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China;Jinan Forest Farm,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学园林与林学院,山东青岛266109 [2]济南市林场,山东济南250100

出　　处：《青岛农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第4期262-272,共11页Journal of Qingdao Agricultural University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31500264);山东省自然科学基金中青年科学家科研奖励基金(BS2015HZ020);山东省林业科技创新项目(LYCX03-2018-15,LYCX06-2018-34);青岛农业大学高层次人才科研基金(6631115021)。

摘　　要：以耐冬山茶[Camellia japonica(NaiDong)]和茶梅(Camellia sasanqua)为试验材料,设置3个氮沉降量(0、6、12 g·m^(-2)·a^(-1))与3个氮沉降添加频率(6、12、18 d),测定幼苗生长指标、气体交换参数、叶绿素荧光参数、生物量等生理生态学指标,探讨不同氮沉降对其生长及生理特性的影响。试验主要研究结果如下:在重度氮沉降和高添加频率下茶梅的株高明显升高,氮沉降对山茶影响不显著。茶梅的叶生物量和总生物量在轻、重度氮沉降量处理组随着添加频率的下降而下降,而氮对耐冬山茶幼苗的生物量影响不显著。随着氮沉降量的增加,耐冬山茶细胞间隙CO_(2)浓度(Ci)在中、高添加频率下先下降后上升,而茶梅的Ci在中、低氮添加频率下呈先下降后上升的趋势。耐冬山茶初始荧光F_(0)在轻度氮沉降且高添加频率条件下显著高于其他处理组,而光系统Ⅱ潜在活性F_(v)/F_(0)显著低于其他处理组;茶梅仅在重度氮沉降且中添加频率下F_(0)值最低。结果表明氮沉降的促进作用可能存在阈值,且耐冬山茶的阈值可能明显高于茶梅。耐冬山茶和茶梅对氮沉降具有一定耐受性,过高的氮沉降会对耐冬山茶和茶梅产生抑制作用,高添加频率能够缓解高氮沉降量的消极影响。Camellia japonica(NaiDong)and Camellia sasanqua were used as materials,and three kinds of nitrogen deposition(0,6,12 g·m^(-2)·year^(-1))and three nitrogen addition frequency(6,12,18 d)were set in the study.Physiological indicators such as seedling growth indicators,gas exchange parameters,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,biomass,etc.were measured,and the effects of different nitrogen deposition on their growth and physiological characteristics were discussed.The study showed that the plant height of C.sasanqua was significantly increased under severe nitrogen deposition and high frequency of addition,but the effect on C.japonica was not significant.The leaf biomass and total biomass of C.sasanqua decreased with the decrease of addition frequency under mild and severe nitrogen deposition conditions whereas the pattern of nitrogen deposition had no effects on C.japonica.The intercellular CO_(2) concentration(C i)of C.japonica first decreased and then increased under the middle and high addition frequency.C i of C.sasanqua decreased then increased with the increase of nitrogen deposition under middle and low addition frequency.The C.japonica initial fluorescence(F_(0))was significantly higher than that of other treatment groups under the conditions of mild nitrogen deposition and high addition frequency(F1N1),while the potential activity of photosystem II(F_(v)/F_(0))is significantly lower than other treatment groups.The F_(0) value of C.sasanqua was the lowest at the moderate frequency of addition and severe nitrogen deposition(F2N2).The results showed that there was a threshold for the promotion of nitrogen deposition,and the threshold of C.japonica is higher than that of C.sasanqua.C.japonica and C.sasanqua had a certain tolerance to nitrogen deposition.Excessive nitrogen deposition would inhibit the growth of C.japonica and C.sasanqua,but the negative effects of high nitrogen deposition could be alleviated by increasing the frequency of addition.

关 键 词：耐冬山茶 茶梅 氮沉降频率 

分 类 号：S685.14[农业科学—观赏园艺]