基于改进PID控制的机床滑台运动位移跟踪误差研究  

Research on Tracking Error of Machine Tool Slide Motion Displacement Based on Improved PID Control

作　　者：谭志银[1] TAN Zhiyin(College of Electrical Engineering, Chuzhou Vocation and Technical College, Chuzhou Anhui 239000,China)

机构地区：[1]滁州职业技术学院、电气工程学院,安徽滁州239000

出　　处：《佳木斯大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第6期94-97,共4页Journal of Jiamusi University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：安徽省高校自然科学重点研究项目(KJ2019A1130);滁州职业技术学院专业带头人项目(ZD2019013)。

摘　　要：采取改进PID控制方法,通过仿真验证机床滑台跟踪结果。采用直角坐标系建立机床滑台二维简图模型,设计机床滑台闭环控制流程,定义机床滑台位置传递控制函数。采用BP神经网络结构对PID控制器进行改进,给出机床滑台位置输出误差评价指标函数。采用MATLAB软件检验不同控制系统跟踪结果。结果表明:在无干扰状态下,采用传统PID控制系统,滑台位置跟踪误差最大值为0.05m,采用改进PID控制系统,滑台位置跟踪误差最大值为0.02m。两种控制系统跟踪误差相差不大,都能实现滑台位置的精确定位。在有干扰状态下,采用传统PID控制系统,滑台位置跟踪误差较大,误差最大值为0.19m,而采用改进PID控制系统,滑台位置跟踪误差较小,误差最大值为0.02m。采用改进PID控制系统,能够实现机床滑台位置的精确定位,提高机床主轴对零件的加工精度。The improved PID control method is adopted to verify the tracking results of the machine tool slide through simulation.In this paper,a two-dimensional sketch model of machine tool slide is established in cartesian coordinate system,the closed-loop control flow of machine tool slide is designed,and the position transfer control function of machine tool slide is defined.BP neural network structure is used to improve the PID controller,and the output error evaluation index function of machine tool slide position is given.MATLAB software is used to test the tracking results of different control systems.The results show that:under the condition of no interference,the maximum error of slide position tracking is 0.05m with the traditional PID control system,and 0.02m with the improved PID control system.The tracking errors of the two control systems are almost the same,which can realize the precise positioning of the sliding table.In the state of interference,the traditional PID control system has a larger error of slide position tracking,the maximum error is 0.19m,while the improved PID control system has a smaller error of slide position tracking,the maximum error is 0.02m.The improved PID control system can realize the accurate positioning of the slide position of the machine tool and improve the machining accuracy of the machine tool spindle.

关 键 词：机床 滑台 BP神经网络PID控制 误差 仿真 

分 类 号：TP273[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]