明末清初西方科技插图的传播对本土美术的影响——以《奇器图说》为主要线索  

A Discussion on the Influence of Western Scientific Illustration on Chinese Visual Arts in the Late Ming and Early Qing Dynasties with Special Reference to the Illustrated Manual of Special Machinery

作　　者：徐振杰[1] Xu Zhenjie

机构地区：[1]山东建筑大学艺术学院,山东济南250101

出　　处：《艺术探索》2021年第5期28-38,共11页Arts Exploration

基　　金：2018年山东建筑大学研究生教育优质课程建设项目“外国美术史专题研究”(YZKC201806)。

摘　　要：明末清初主要通过传教士传来的西方科技插图,带有当时西方制图术中“奇趣”品味与科学性、实用性并存的特征,同时体现了宗教、艺术和科学的复杂关系。在当时中西科技水平及制图、出版业发展状况有一定相似性的背景下,受文化因素及时局影响,它们被有选择地摹绘于一些中文书籍中,其画法和内容有的经过了本土化的“转译”,焦点透视法有所运用但错误较多,明暗法运用较少。由于中国文人对“奇器”的态度和对科学图书关注的角度,本土插图制作中的文人—工匠关系,以及中西图像程式系统和艺术等级观、功能观的差异,等等,西方科技插图的画法及内容对本土美术的影响有限。Western scientific illustrations were introduced into China in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties mainly through Jesuit missionaries.Due to mixed feelings of curiosity,science and practicality in Western cartography at that time,the illustration reflected the complex relationship between religion,art and science.In the context of the similarities between the Chinese and Western scientific and technological levels and the development of cartography and publishing industries at that time,influenced by cultural factors and timeliness,these were selectively copied in some Chinese manuals,causing some of their drawing methods and contents to become localized.In this process of"translation",linear perspective was sometimes applied incorrectly and less attention was brought on chiaroscuro.Due to the Chinese literati's attitude towards"special machinery"and scientific books,the literati-craftsman relationship in local illustration production,and the differences between Chinese and Western image systematization,artistic hierarchy,and functional views,painting methods and content of Western scientific and technological illustrations exerted limited influence on local art.

关 键 词：明末清初 西方科技插图 透视法 明暗法 传播 

分 类 号：J218.5[艺术—美术] K248[历史地理—历史学] G206[历史地理—中国史]