低氮胁迫对谷子苗期光合指标及生理性能的影响  

Effects of Low Nitrogen Stress on Photosynthesis Indexes and Physiological Performance of Foxtail Millet at Seedling Stage

作　　者：王宇珅 张敏[1] 孟晓伟 韩渊怀[1] WANG Yushen;ZHANG Min;MENG Xiaowei;HAN Yuanhuai(College of Agriculture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China;Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷030801 [2]黄土高原特色作物优质高效生产省部共建协同创新中心,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2021年第12期1483-1490,共8页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：黄土高原特色作物优质高效生产省部共建协同创新中心基金项目(SBGJXTZX-14);山西省应用基础研究项目(201801D221298);山西省优秀博士来晋工作奖励资金科研项目(SXYBKY201714);山西农业大学科技创新基金项目(2017YJ01);山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2021L112)。

摘　　要：为探讨谷子的耐低氮能力,以晋谷21诱变获得的超早熟突变体Xiaomi为研究材料,采用水培法,对谷子苗期低氮胁迫下的表型、光合性能及抗氧化相关酶等生理指标进行分析评价。结果表明,低氮胁迫下谷子总根长、侧根数量、根表面积、根体积和根冠比增加,旗叶长、宽减小,老叶早衰发黄,株高、茎粗、叶厚及总氮含量降低;叶绿素含量显著降低,气孔导度及净光合速率下降,同时随着胁迫时间的增加,叶片荧光参数PI abs、φEo、φRo、ETo/CSm极显著降低;此外,低氮胁迫下谷子叶片及根系丙二醛(MDA)含量分别表现为增加、降低的趋势;叶片硝酸还原酶(NR)活性显著降低,而根系NR、过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性表现为先增后降的趋势。缺氮会抑制谷子地上部分的生长而促进根系的发育,降低谷子光合性能;同时调节叶片及根系的NR及抗氧化酶活性来应对低氮环境。To explore the tolerance to low nitrogen of foxtail millet,Xiaomi,which was obtained from EMS mutagenesis of Jingu 21,was used as material in this study.Using hydroculture method,the phenotypes,photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant enzymes were evaluated under low and normal nitrogen of foxtail millet at seeding stage.The results showed that the total root length,lateral root number,root surface area,root volume and root shoot ratio of foxtail millet increased under low nitrogen stress,while the flag leaf length and width and thickness,plant height,stem diameter and total nitrogen content decreased.Meanwhile,the chlorophyll content significantly decreased,stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate showed decrease trend,and the fluorescence parameters PI abs,φEo,φRo and ETo/CSm significantly decreased with the increase of stress time.In addition,MDA content in the leaves and roots increased or decreased under low nitrogen stress,respectively.The NR activity in the leaves significantly decreased,while the NR,POD and SOD activity in the roots increased and then decreased with the increase of stress time.The results indicated that in a nitrogen deficient environment,the growth of aboveground parts and photosynthetic performance of foxtail millet were inhibited,while root development was promoted.At the same time,NR and antioxidant enzymes activities in leaves and roots were regulated to response to low nitrogen environment.

关 键 词：谷子 低氮胁迫 水培法 光合性能 抗氧化酶 

分 类 号：S515[农业科学—作物学]