微量物证转移规律与存留时间研究进展及启示  

Impartation-purposed Review on Research Progress of Trace Evidence about Its Transfer Regularity and Persistence

作　　者：孙振文[1] 石屹[1] 乔婷[1,2] 张冠男[1] 刘占芳[1] 王萍[1,3] 彭斯璐[1] 朱军 SUN Zhenwen;SHI Yi;QIAO Ting;ZHANG Guannan;LIU Zhanfang;WANG Ping;PENG Silu;ZHU Jun(Institute of Forensic Science,Ministry of Public Security,Beijing 100038,China;China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China;People’s Public Security University of China,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]公安部物证鉴定中心,北京100038 [2]中国政法大学,北京100088 [3]中国人民公安大学,北京100038

出　　处：《刑事技术》2021年第6期614-620,共7页Forensic Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0803808);公安部科技强警基础工作专项项目(2018GABJC16);公安理论及软科学研究计划(2019LLYJWZZX073);中国工程院咨询研究项目(2020-XY-28)。

摘　　要：近年来,随着分析仪器的发展,微量物证专业发展迅速,检验对象逐渐拓展,技术方法日趋完善,快速检测设备不断涌现,微量物证在多起重特大案(事)件的侦查和侦破中发挥了重要的证据支撑作用。针对微量物证转移规律与存留时间开展相关研究,不仅可指导勘查人员对现场微量物证进行针对性的发现、提取,而且可为证据解释、现场分析重建、描绘刻画嫌疑人提供依据。本文综述了纤维、毛发、玻璃、金属、射击残留物等常见微量物证的转移规律及其在客体上存留时间的相关研究进展,探讨了相关研究给我国微量物证鉴定工作带来的几点启示,旨在为提高现场微量物证的提取率和利用率、充分挖掘微量物证的证据价值提供借鉴和参考。Forensic trace evidence is very important for the involved case to be solved with the supportive proof from evidential materials of,e.g.,fiber,paint and gunshot residue(GSR).Following to Locard’s exchange principle,often quoted as“every contact leaves a trail”,trace evidence is characteristic of transferrability,universality and potentiality.Therefore,trace evidence can provide either direct proof/clue or essential item in the evidential chain.In recent years,the development of analytical instruments has brought forth the prominent specialty of trace evidence,having gradually expanded the scope of relevant examination,together with the technical methods being continued to improve.Consequently,a large number of studies have been carried out on trace evidence about its transfer,persistence,discovery,collection and examination home and abroad,presenting not only pertinent guidance to recover and collect the trace evidence at crime scene but also a basis for the evidence to interpret,reconstruct into the scene and depict the suspect.Summarization was here made with trace evidence about its research progress on transfer and persistence,briefly introducing the secondary transfer and influential factors for persistence.Furthermore,discussions were thereby put forward into the impartation of related researches on the examination and application of forensic trace evidence in China,aiming to provide reference for trace evidence to target collection and utilization in improving its evidence value into actual cases.

关 键 词：法庭科学 微量物证 转移 二次转移 存留时间 

分 类 号：D794.3[政治法律—政治学]