书证提出命令的理论革新与路径优化——以商业秘密侵权诉讼为切入点  

The Theoretical Innovation and Path Optimization of the Documentary Evidence Order——with Trade Secret Infringement Litigation as the Starting Point

作　　者：潘剑锋[1] 牛正浩 PAN Jian-feng;NIU Zheng-hao

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《北方法学》2021年第6期5-18,共14页Northern Legal Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“新时代国家安全法治的体系建设与实施措施研究”(20&ZD191);“审判中心视角下的刑事、民事、行政诉讼制度改革”(14ZDC014);2021年度山东省人民检察院理论研究重点课题“新时代检察机关知识产权综合保护工作研究”(SD2021B01)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：书证作为"证据之王",贯穿民事诉讼事实认定与法律适用程序始终。以商业秘密侵权诉讼为典型的现代型诉讼中,当事人经济实力与诉讼能力的非对称性导致证据分布非均衡性,使得书证结构性偏在现象愈发严重,证明妨碍行为呈现普遍化特征。为制裁证明妨碍行为、实现"平等武装"、保障裁判的实体公正,最高人民法院近年来通过司法解释逐步构建起相对完整的书证提出命令程序基本框架。但现行书证提出命令程序存在着诸多理论困惑与制度空白,导致实践中书证提出命令存在适用率低、准许率低、救济缺失、尺度不一等诸多制度失灵问题和司法适用困境。应从理论上将以"规范说"为核心的证明责任论和事案解明义务论加以革新整合,对我国书证提出命令程序的实践路径加以优化完善,最终实现预期制度价值。As the "king of evidence", documentary evidence runs through the ascertainment of facts in civil litigation and the application of the law. In modern litigation, characterized by trade secret infringement litigation, the asymmetry of evidence distribution caused by the asymmetry of the party’s economic and litigation capacity leads to the structural bias of the evidence become increasingly serious, and the obstruction of proof become universal. In order to sanction the obstruction of proof, realize "equal armed forces" and guarantee the substantive justice of the adjudication, the Supreme People’s Court has gradually constructed a relatively complete framework for the procedure of ordering of documentary evidence through judicial interpretation in recent years. However, there are many theoretical confusions and system gaps in the current procedure of issuing orders, which leads to the low application rate, low approval rate, lack of relief, measurement difference and many other system failures and judicial application dilemmas in practice. The theory of burden of proof which with the "normative theory" as the core, and the deontology of case resolution should be reformed and integrated, the practical path of the documentary evidence order procedure of our country should be optimized and perfected thus to realize the expected institutional value.

关 键 词：书证提出命令 商业秘密侵权 证据偏在 证明责任 事案解明义务 

分 类 号：D713[政治法律—政治学]