凝视性景观与互动性景观——旅游场景观类型对游客地方感的结构性影响  

Gazed Landscape and Interactive Landscape: The Structural Impacts of Landscape Types in Tourism Field on Tourists’ Senses of Place

作　　者：王泓砚[1] 谢彦君[2,3] 王俊亮 WANG Hongyan;XIE Yanjun;WANG Junliang(Manchuria Institute,Inner Mongolia University,Manchuria 021400,China;School of Tourism,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China;Tourism Experience Research&Design Center of Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学满洲里学院,内蒙古满洲里021400 [2]海南大学旅游学院,海南海口570228 [3]海南大学旅游体验研究与设计中心,海南海口570228

出　　处：《旅游学刊》2021年第11期80-94,共15页Tourism Tribune

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“旅游场中的仪式:地方性视角下的西藏民族文化旅游体验研究”(41771165)和“海南自由贸易港国际旅游消费中心建设路径”(72041027)共同资助。

摘　　要：游客地方感是游客与旅游目的地环境互动产生的地方性体验,体现为游客与旅游目的地之间存在的认知、意志尤其是情绪和情感的联结,而旅游场是游客产生旅游体验的具体情境和环境,对游客地方感的产生、强度和结构性特质具有根本性的影响。文章以旅游场的早期研究成果为理论出发点,选择内蒙古华俄后裔聚居地室韦作为案例地,运用扎根理论和内容分析等实证研究方法,在对旅游场进一步加以分类、探讨其内在维度结构的基础上,尝试解释游客地方感与旅游场之间的关系,厘清不同的旅游场及其呈现的景观类型在游客地方感形成过程中的差异性作用,进而构建旅游场中的游客地方感理论模型,拓展旅游场在游客地方感形成过程中的理论解释视角。研究结果表明,旅游场由旅游行为场和旅游氛围场的二维结构构成,前者在游客地方感的形成中具有先期赋彩作用,因此是一种"凝视性景观",而后者则是具有当下聚焦作用的"互动性景观"。如果在旅游体验范式中对此作出进一步解释,当游客地方感在旅游氛围场和旅游行为场呈现同型、同构特征时,其会得到进一步地巩固或强化,而相比于旅游氛围场来说,旅游行为场对游客地方感的形成具有更为重要的作用。Tourists’ sense of place is a unique local experience produced by the interaction between the tourists and the destination;it is reflected in the cognitional, volitional, and—in particular—the emotional connection between tourists and destinations. The"tourism field"is the specific situation and environment whereby tourists experience tourism;that field has a fundamental impact on the generation, intensity, and structural characteristics of tourists’ sense of place. However, previous research has adopted the following approaches in defining"tourism field": interpreting tourism field in tourism geography by drawing on the essence of field theory in physics;and defining"tourism field"in tourism sociology following the framework of Bourdieu’s field theory. Interpreting tourism field in the tourism experience is a novel approach: it integrates field theory in physics and psychology;by developing Lewin’s field theory, it establishes the core category of the tourism experience in the tourism field, and it develops a category system for the tourism field. By applying previous research findings, this novel approach mainly focuses on a speculative definition of"tourism field,"and it creates a related conceptual framework. However, the interaction mechanisms between tourism field and tourists’ sense of place demand further examination. The present study is based on earlier research findings related to tourism field;we investigated Shiwei in Inner Mongolia, which is where people of Chinese and Russian origins reside. In this study, we applied grounded theory, content analysis, and other empirical research methods. Following clarification and examination of the internal structure of the tourism field, it became evident that efforts should be made to establish an explanatory relationship with respect to tourists’ sense of place and the tourism field. It is necessary to elucidate the various roles played by the different types of tourism field as well as the type of landscape that result in developing the touri

关 键 词：旅游氛围场 旅游行为场 游客地方感 凝视性景观 互动性景观 

分 类 号：F59[经济管理—旅游管理]