频率对低压断路器空气电弧燃弧特性影响的实验研究  

Experimental Study on the Influence of Frequency on the Arcing Characteristic of Air Arc in Low Voltage Circuit Breaker

作　　者：尹健宁 李兴文[2] 刘超 葛世伟 段建东[1] YIN Jianning;LI Xingwen;LIU Chao;GE Shiwei;DUAN Jiandong(School of Electrical Engineering,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710054,China;State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;Zhejiang Tengen Electric Co.,Ltd.,Yueqing 325604,China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学电气工程学院,西安710054 [2]西安交通大学电力设备电气绝缘国家重点实验室,西安710049 [3]浙江天正电气股份有限公司,乐清325604

出　　处：《高电压技术》2021年第11期3913-3922,共10页High Voltage Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52107167);中国博士后科学基金(2021M692877);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2021JQ-473);陕西省教育厅科研计划项目(21JK0788);西安理工大学博士启动基金(104-451119032)。

摘　　要：永磁直驱风力发电系统要求其保护用空气断路器可以开断较宽频率范围内的短路电流,而电弧动态特性直接影响了断路器的开断性能。为此以微型断路器和塑壳断路器为例,首先开展了不同频率下的电弧开断实验,得到了电弧电流、电弧电压,并计算了整个燃弧期间内的电弧能量、归一化时间和允通能量,研究了频率对表征电弧动态特性的关键物理量的影响规律。其次,定义了归一化时间来表征栅片中的涡流对电弧运动过程的阻碍程度。最后对比分析了不同灭弧室结构对电弧动态特性的影响。结果表明:随着频率的增加,归一化时间增加,限流系数增加,电弧能量减小,因此,工频下设计的断路器在非工频条件下工作时,应该降容使用。该研究初步揭示了频率对空气电弧动态特性的影响规律,且为宽频断路器的开发和优化提供了理论指导。It is required that air circuit breakers should interrupt the short-circuit current under a wider frequency range to meet the application of protecting the direct-driven permanent magnet generators for wind turbines;however,the dynamic characteristics of arc may directly affect the breaking performance of the circuit breaker.Consequently,the breaking experiments of miniature circuit breaker and modeled case circuit breaker at different frequencies were carried out to obtain the arc current and arc voltage,meanwhile,the arc energy,normalized time and let-through energy during the whole arc burning period were calculated.The influence of frequency on the key physical quantities representing the dynamic characteristic of the arc was researched.Then,the normalized time was defined to represent the hindering effect of the eddy currents in a splitter plate on the arc motion.Finally,the influence of arc chamber structure on arc dynamic characteristic was analyzed.The results reveal that the normalized time and the current limiting factor will increase and the arc energy will decrease when the frequency increases.Therefore,the circuit breaker designed under the power frequency should be used with less current when working under non-power frequency conditions.The effect of frequency on the dynamic characteristics of air arc is preliminarily revealed in this paper,providing technical guidance for the development and optimization of the broadband circuit breaker.

关 键 词：空气电弧 燃弧特性 电弧能量 频率 低压断路器 

分 类 号：TM561[电气工程—电器]