rkya:吐蕃统治敦煌西域时期的编户制度  

Rkya:Household Registration System in Dunhuang and the Western Regions During the Reign of Tubo

作　　者：杨铭 Yang Ming

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学西南民族研究院

出　　处：《西域研究》2021年第4期17-25,M0004,共10页The Western Regions Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“《敦煌本吐蕃历史文书》相关民族、人物、事件研究及分年分类辑注”(批准号:17ZDA212)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：对于敦煌西域古藏文文书中出现的rkya一词,学界对其含义的讨论尚未达成一致。除了基本的释义"户籍",并用作征收税赋和贡物的对象或单位之外,rkya确实还包含有其他多层含义。笔者检索并比对了相关的古藏文写本、石窟题记以及汉文文书,认为古藏文文书中的rkya一词,作为一种户籍制度单称可译作"籍",被编入者可称为"编户"。吐蕃建立这种制度的目的,就是让入籍者向官府、军队或寺庙、僧团提供赋税和劳役,从后一层面讲,此词还兼具"供养"或"供养户"之义。Currently there is no academic agreement on the meaning of rkya,a term appeared in the old Tibetan texts excavated in Dunhuang and the Western Regions.Besides basically interpreted as"household register"and used as an object or unit to collect taxes and tributes,rkya does contain other multilayered meanings.After searching and exploring the old Tibetan manuscripts,grotto inscriptions and other related ancient Chinese writings unearthed in Dunhuang,the author tentatively proposes that the term rkya can be translated as"ji"(register)when it only refers to the system of household registration and"bianhu"(registered household)when it refers to the specific household recorded in the registry.The purpose of establishing this system in Tubo was to ask the naturalized household to provide taxes and labour service to the government,army or temples and Sangha.As to the latter connotation,this term also implies the meaning of"gongyang"(tribute)or"gongyanghu"(tribute provider).

关 键 词：吐蕃 rkya 敦煌西域 编户制度 

分 类 号：K289[历史地理—历史学]