光学天象仪的小型化历程——阿曼德·斯匹兹及其小型天象仪  

The Miniaturization of Optical Planetarium:Armand Spitz and His Small-sized Planetariums

作　　者：张航 聂馥玲[1] ZHANG Hang;NIE Fuling(Institute for the History of Science and Technology,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Inner Mongolia,010022;Department of Public Education,Inner Mongolia Technical College of Construction,Inner Mongolia,010070)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古师范大学科学技术史研究院,内蒙古呼和浩特010022 [2]内蒙古建筑职业技术学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010070

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2021年第12期14-21,共8页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

摘　　要：美国著名天象仪设计师阿曼德·斯匹兹于1946年设计的A型天象仪是世界上第一个针孔投影式小型天象仪。该设备在最大程度保证成像真实性的同时,通过简化制作工艺与仪器结构降低成本,并面向专业人士及普通公众开办讲座、进行即兴演示、积极筹办"旅行天文馆"、组织"天文馆馆长协会",使得斯匹兹天象仪获取了广泛认同,更将天象仪与天文学教育密切结合,充分体现了小型天象仪的教育辅助功能。其研发及推广能够为我国天文学教育理念的构建提供相关借鉴。The A-type planetarium designed by the famous American designer Armand Spitz in 1946 was the first pinhole projection type small-sized planetarium in the world,which reduced the cost by simplifying the manufacturing process and instrument structure while ensuring the authenticity of the image to the greatest extent.The Spitz planetarium had been widely recognized for its lectures,impromptu demonstrations,active preparations for“travel planetarium”and“organization of planetarium directors”.The device closely combined small-sized optical astronomical instruments with astronomy education,and fully embodied the educational auxiliary function of this kind of instruments.Its research,development and promotion can provide reference for the construction of astronomy education concepts in China.

关 键 词：阿曼德·斯匹兹 小型天象仪 天文学教育 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]