上海地区‘翠冠’梨园土壤和树体营养状况评价  

Evaluation of soil and tree nutrient status of’Cuiguan’pear orchard in Shanghai

作　　者：张静增 李英丽[1] 李璇[2] 王秀敏[2] 许建锋[1] 张玉星[1] ZHANG Jingzeng;LI Yingli;LI Xuan;WANG Xiumin;XU Jianfeng;ZHANG Yuxing(College of Horticulture,Hebei Agricultural University,Hebei Pear Engineering Technology Research Center,Baoding 07100;Shanghai Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学园艺学院河北省梨工程技术研究中心,保定071001 [2]上海市农业技术推广服务中心

出　　处：《中国果树》2021年第11期10-14,共5页China Fruits

基　　金：上海市科技兴农推广课题(沪农科推字[2018]第4-2号)。

摘　　要：对上海市各区有代表性的36个‘翠冠’梨园的土壤养分状况及叶片矿质营养状况进行调查分析,并在此基础上建立上海地区‘翠冠’梨优质丰产营养元素标准值,分析‘翠冠’梨园土壤和树体养分存在的问题。结果表明:上海地区‘翠冠’梨园土壤pH值为3.92~8.38;24%的梨园碱解氮含量较低,有效磷和速效钾含量较丰富。通过分析优质丰产‘翠冠’梨园连续2年树体的营养状况,建立了上海地区‘翠冠’梨叶片10种主要营养元素含量标准值:N(2.02%~2.45%)、P(0.11%~0.15%)、K(1.32%~1.68%)、Ca(2.31%~3.04%)、Mg(0.34%~0.42%)、Fe(64.52~87.37 mg/kg)、Mn(64.62~183.01 mg/kg)、Cu(74.78~124.24 mg/kg)、B(21.51~35.83 mg/kg)、Zn(19.92~39.11 mg/kg)。与建立的标准值进行比较,发现上海地区‘翠冠’梨园叶片P含量较适宜,35%的梨园叶片N含量不足,K过量和缺乏并存;有31%的梨园Ca、Mg含量不足;Fe、Cu含量整体较高;Mn、B、Zn含量整体处于适宜范围内。综上,改善土壤p H值,增加钙、镁肥的施用量,增施氮肥并提高氮肥利用率是上海地区‘翠冠’梨园今后施肥管理的重点。Investigate and analyze the soil nutrient status and leaf mineral nutrition status of 36 representative’Cuiguan’pear orchards in various districts in Shanghai.On this basis,the standard values of high-quality and high-yield nutrient elements of the’Cuiguan’pear in Shanghai area were established,and the problems of the soil and tree nutrients in the’Cuiguan’pear orchard were analyzed.The results showed that the soil p H value of the’Cuiguan’pear orchard in Shanghai area varied from 3.92 to 8.38;24%of the pear orchard had a lower content of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen and abundant available phosphorus and available potassium.By analyzing the nutrient status of the high-quality and high-yield’Cuiguan’pear orchard for two consecutive years,the standard values of the contents of 10 main nutrient elements in the leaves of the’Cuiguan’pear in Shanghai have been established:N(2.02%~2.45%),P(0.11%~0.15%),K(1.32%~1.68%),Ca(2.31%~3.04%),Mg(0.34%~0.42%),Fe(64.52~87.37 mg/kg),Mn(64.62~183.01 mg/kg),Cu(74.78~124.24 mg/kg),B(21.51~35.83 mg/kg),Zn(19.92~39.11 mg/kg).Comparing with the established standard value,it is found that the P content in the leaves of the’Cuiguan’pear orchard in Shanghai is more suitable,35%of the pear orchards have insufficient N content,and excessive and lack of K coexist;31%of the pear orchards have insufficient Ca content and Mg content;the overall Cu,Fe content are relatively high;the Mn,B,and Zn content are within the appropriate range.In summary,improving the soil p H value,increasing the application of calcium and magnesium fertilizers,increasing the application of nitrogen fertilizers and increasing the utilization of nitrogen fertilizers are the focus of the future fertilization management of the’Cuiguan’pear orchard in Shanghai.

关 键 词：梨 ‘翠冠’ 上海 土壤养分 树体养分 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]