苗源及栽培密度对马铃薯原原种生产的影响  

Effects of Plant Source and Planting Density on Production of Potato Minituber

作　　者：杨雯婷 崔阔澍 唐铭霞[1] 胡建军[1] 何卫[1] 唐梦雪 王克秀[1] YANG Wenting;CUI Kuoshu;TANG Mingxia;HU Jianjun;HE Wei;TANG Mengxue;WANG Kexiu(Crop Research Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu,Sichuan 610066,China;Sichuan Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Chengdu,Sichuan 610041,China;Agronomy College,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu,Sichuan 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院作物研究所,四川成都610066 [2]四川省农业技术推广总站,四川成都610041 [3]四川农业大学农学院,四川成都611130

出　　处：《中国马铃薯》2021年第5期406-413,共8页Chinese Potato Journal

基　　金：“十四五”四川省科技厅薯类育种攻关项目(2021YFYZ0019)

摘　　要：为提高马铃薯原原种结薯效率,降低生产成本,开展了苗源及栽培密度对马铃薯原原种生产的影响研究。试验为二因素裂区设计,4次重复,苗源为主区,栽培密度为副区,供试品种为‘费乌瑞它’。试验设置组培苗和水培苗2个苗源,200,400,600和800株/m^(2)4个栽培密度。结果表明,苗源对匍匐茎长度和叶面积以外的其他农艺性状均有显著影响,密度仅对根长、匍匐茎数量、叶面积和单株干物质积累量有显著影响,根长具有显著两因素互作效应。同一密度下,水培苗的单株结薯数和产量(600株/m^(2)除外)高于组培苗。在主因素组培苗和水培苗中,密度200株/m^(2)单株结薯数和结薯产量均显著高于3个高密度处理,随密度增大,单位面积结薯数和产量增幅下降,组培苗和水培苗均在200~400株/m^(2)单位面积结薯数和产量增幅最大,分别增加68.0%和46.0%,25.3%和20.1%,组培苗在600~800株/m^(2),水培苗在400~600株/m^(2)时增幅大幅下降,平均单薯重也随之降低。苗源类型和栽培密度均能显著影响原原种结薯数、产量和单薯重,在保证单薯重基础上,获得较多的单位面积原原种结薯数更有意义。组培苗在密度为600株/m^(2)处理,水培苗在密度为400株/m^(2)处理,既可以确保适当的单薯重,又可以提高单位面积结薯数。因此,从原原种生产成本和经济效益考虑,组培苗栽培密度600株/m^(2),水培苗400株/m^(2)可以获得较好的生产效益。The effects of plant source and planting density on the production of potato minitubers were studied in order to improve the production efficiency of potato minitubers and reduce the production cost.The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with four replications.The plant sources,in vitro and hydroponic cultured plantlets,were used as the main plot factor,and planting densities,200,400,600 and 800 plants/m^(2),were set as split plot factor.Plant source had significant effects on all the agronomic traits except for stolon length and leaf area,and planting density significantly affected on root length,stolon number per plant,leaf area and dry matter accumulation per plant.The significant interaction of the two factors was observed only for root length.Under the same planting density,the minituber number and yield per plant(except for 600 plant/m^(2))of hydroponic cultured plantlets was higher than those of in vitro plantlets.In main factor,in vitro and hydroponic cultured plantlets,minituber number and yield per plant under 200 plants/m^(2) treatment were all significantly higher than those of other three high density treatments.The increase in minituber number and yield per square meter decreased with the increase of planting density.Compared with 200 plants/m^(2),the sharp increase was 68.0%and 46.0%,25.3%and 20.1%for both plant sources from 200 to 400 plants/m^(2),respectively.The increase for in vitro plantlets from 600 to 800 plants/m^(2) and hydroponic cultured plantlets from 400 to 600 plants/m^(2) declined sharply,and the weight per minituber also decreased.Plant source and planting density could significantly affect minituber number,yield and weight per minituber.On the basis of ensuring the weight per minituber,it is important to obtain more minituber numbers per square meter.Six hundred plants/m^(2) for in vitro plantlets and 400 plants/m^(2) for hydroponic cultured plantlets obtained not only appropriate weight per minituber,but also optimum minituber number per square meter.Therefore,consider

关 键 词：马铃薯种薯 原原种 苗源 栽培密度 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]