意外信息的回应立场与回应形式  

Responding Stances and Responding Forms on Mirative Information

作　　者：胡承佼[1] Hu Chengjiao(School of Liberal Arts of Anhui Normal University,Wuhu,Anhui 241002,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学文学院,安徽芜湖241002

出　　处：《华文教学与研究》2021年第4期9-18,共10页TCSOL Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“汉语意外范畴的句法实现与类型特征研究”(16BYY132)。

摘　　要：文章立足受话层面,从受话人视角讨论意外信息的回应立场与回应形式。首先说明了触发意外的四种信息类型:无预期信息、反预期信息、低概率合预期信息、不确定性合预期信息。以此为基础,指出意外信息的回应立场就是人们接收到意外信息时对于该信息所给予的认识定位表现,将意外信息的回应立场区分为相信、怀疑、不相信、下意识应对四类。进而具体考察了不同回应立场下的回应形式选择,相信立场下的主要回应形式为陈述性肯定、惊叹性感叹以及陈述性肯定+感叹;怀疑立场下的主要回应形式为真性疑问、真性疑问+感叹;不相信立场下的主要回应形式为陈述性否定、反问、陈述性否定+感叹以及反问+感叹;下意识应对立场下的主要回应形式为带极高升调的假性疑问、带极高升调的假性疑问+感叹。最后,简要论及应如何认识意外表达中感叹、疑问、肯定、否定几种具体形式的关系表现。This paper discusses responding stances and responding forms of mirative information from the perspective of hearer.Firstly,four types of information that triggered mirative are described:unexpected information,counter-expected information,low probability meeting-expected information,and uncertain meeting-expected information.It is pointed out that the responding stance of the mirative information is the epistemic position of information when people receive this mirative information,the responses to mirative information can be divided into four categories:belief,doubt,unbelief and subconsciousness reaction.Then it studies the different responding forms based on different responding stances.The main responding forms based on belief stance are declarative affirmation,surprised exclamation and declarative affirmation with an exclamation.The main responding forms based on doubt stance are true interrogative and true interrogative with an exclamation.The main responding forms based on unbelief stance are declarative negation,rhetorical question,declarative negation with an exclamation and rhetorical question with an exclamation.The main responding forms based on subconsciousness reaction stance are false interrogative and false interrogative with an exclamation.Finally,it briefly discusses how to recognize the relation of exclamation,interrogative,affirmation and negations in the mirative expression.

关 键 词：意外信息 信息类型 回应立场 回应形式 

分 类 号：H109.4[语言文字—汉语]