CO_(2)到高附加值产物:罗尔斯通氏菌的固碳研究进展  

From CO_(2)to high value-added products: Advances on carbon sequestration by Ralstonia eutropha H16

作　　者：马哲 刘丹[1,2] 刘梦晓 曹英秀[1,2] 宋浩 Zhe Ma;Dan Liu;Mengxiao Liu;Yingxiu Cao;Hao Song(School of Chemical Engineering and Technology,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering(Ministry of Education),Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学化工学院,天津300072 [2]天津大学合成生物学前沿科学中心,系统生物工程教育部重点实验室,天津300072

出　　处：《科学通报》2021年第33期4218-4230,共13页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2018YFA0901300);国家自然科学基金(21621004)资助。

摘　　要：为了实现清洁生产与碳中和的目标,研究者已采用生物固碳方法将CO_(2)转化为高附加值产物.氢氧细菌罗尔斯通氏菌由于具有化能自养能力、遗传可操作性和基因工具的可用性等特点,为自养生产的优势底盘之一.它可以利用CO_(2)作为碳源、H;作为能源自养生长,而H;则可通过直接补料、电驱动或光驱动等方法提供.罗尔斯通氏菌不仅可以天然地生产生物塑料,还能经过代谢工程改造后生产生物燃料和糖类等其他高附加值产物.本文首先介绍了罗尔斯通氏菌的碳固定和能量利用的代谢特点.然后,按照能量利用的方式,总结了该菌株直接利用H;进行气体发酵、间接利用H;(含甲酸)进行电合成和光合成的研究进展.最后,通过对比3种生产方式的优劣势,对罗尔斯通氏菌的未来研究方向进行了展望.Due to the large-scale mining and utilization of fossil energy, human not only face the issue of energy shortage but also need to solve the problem of climate change caused by excessive CO_(2). In order to achieve the goal of green manufacturing and carbon neutrality, it is necessary to develop non-carbon renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and tidal energy to replace fossil energy, and to capture, utilize, and store the emitted CO_(2)through artificial technology. Since biological carbon sequestration has the advantages of mild reaction conditions and environmental friendliness, it has become one of the most attractive and promising fields in the future.Among a wide variety of carbon-fixing organisms, Knallgas bacteria are a type of microorganisms that can directly use H;as an energy source to fix CO_(2). H;is a kind of clean energy and can be produced by water electrolysis driven by renewable energy. Ralstonia eutropha H16(also known as Cupriavidus necator H16), as the most in-depth studied Knallgas bacteria, is one of the most effective microorganisms that convert H;into biomass.The main attraction of R. eutropha as a platform for microbial carbon sequestration lies in the following three aspects.First of all, in terms of growth conditions, R. eutropha grows faster than photosynthetic microorganisms such as cyanobacteria and will not be affected by factors such as light and weather during large-scale cultivation. Secondly, in terms of genetic manipulation, R. eutropha has genetic maneuverability and availability of genetic tools. Compared with other autotrophic microorganisms such as acetogens and methanogens, its genetic toolbox is more abundant and mature.Finally, in terms of product range, R. eutropha can naturally synthesize high-carbon density bioplastics, namely poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)(PHB), which is biodegradable and has physical properties comparable to petroleum-based thermoplastics. Under gas fermentation conditions, R. eutropha can produce 28 g/L PHB. Moreover, R. eutropha can be engineere

关 键 词：罗尔斯通氏菌 CO_(2)固定 气体发酵 光电合成 生物塑料 生物燃料 

分 类 号：Q935[生物学—微生物学]