北方防沙带东部区生态安全格局构建及优化  

The construction and optimization of ecological security pattern in the eastern part of the sand prevention belt in Northern China

作　　者：刘江[1] 谢遵博 王千慧 王婷婷 郑晓[2,4,5] 宋立宁 李秀芬[1,4] LIU Jiang;XIE Zun-bo;WANG Qian-hui;WANG Ting-ting;ZHENG Xiao;SONG Li-ning;LI Xiu-fen(Agronomy College of Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences),Shenyang 110016,China;Luoyang Meteorological Serice,Luoyang 471000,Henan,China;Qingyuan Forest CERN,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China;Key Laboratory for Management of Non-commercial Fores,Liaoning Proince,Shenyang,110016,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学农学院,沈阳110866 [2]中国科学院森林生态与管理重点实验室(沈阳应用生态研究所),沈阳110016 [3]洛阳市气象局,河南洛阳471000 [4]中国科学院清原森林生态系统观测研究站,沈阳110016 [5]辽宁省生态公益林经营管理重点实验室,沈阳110016

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2021年第11期3412-3423,共12页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0507305)资助。

摘　　要：构建生态安全格局、优化生态空间结构是保障区域生态安全、维护地区生态系统稳定的重要途径,对于缓解生态保护与经济发展之间的矛盾具有积极意义。本文以北方防沙带东部为研究区域,通过生态脆弱性-生态服务功能重要性的生态评估方法识别生态源地,借助电路理论提取生态廊道和生态节点,构建了研究区2000和2015年生态安全格局并提出优化对策。结果表明:(1) 2000—2015年间,研究区强烈脆弱区面积减少,不脆弱面积增加;生境质量整体好转,水源涵养量显著增加,实际风蚀强度减弱,说明该阶段区域生态环境趋于好转,风沙治理成效较为显著。(2)生态源地面积、生态廊道和节点分别从2000年的3837.3 km;、38条和4个增加到2015年的11619.5 km;、96条和28个,表明15年间研究区生态安全格局网络体系趋于复杂完善,保障生态安全的能力得到提升。基于上述研究结果,提出增加生态源地空间分布数量和范围,加强人工绿地的建设和保护来设置缓冲区,避免人为活动切断生态廊道,加强原有节点生态功能保护和优化的建议和策略,保障生态廊道网络的完整性,以期促进区域社会经济与生态环境的协同互惠关系,实现可持续发展。Constructing ecological security patterns and optimizing ecological spatial structure are important ways to guarantee regional ecological security and ecosystem stability,with positive significance for alleviating the contradiction between ecological protection and economic development.Taking the eastern part of the sand prevention belt in Northern China as study area,we identified ecological sources through the ecological assessment method of ecological vulnerability and importance of ecological service function,extracted ecological corridors and ecological nodes with the circuit theory,constructed a two-phase ecological security pattern in 2000 and 2015,and put forward the optimization measures.The results showed that:(1) From 2000 to 2015,the area of highly vulnerable areas decreased,whereas that of non-vulnerable areas increased.The overall habitat quality improved,the water conservation significantly increased,and the actual wind erosion intensity weakened.Those results indicate that regional ecological environment tended to improve and the sand control had achieved remarkable results.(2) The areas of ecological sources,ecological corridors,and nodes increased from 3837.3 km;,38,and 4 in 2000 to11619.5 km;,96,and 28 in 2015,respectively.Such a result indicated that the network system of ecological security pattern in the study area tended to be complex and perfect in the past 15years,and the ability to guarantee ecological security had been improved.Accordingly,we should increase the number and scope of ecological sources,strengthen the construction and protection of artificial green areas to set buffer zones,avoid cutting off ecological corridors by human activities,and strengthen the protection and optimization of ecological functions of the original nodes,to guarantee the integrity of the ecological corridor network.This study provides a reference for promoting a synergistic and mutually beneficial relationship between regional socio-economy and ecological environment and achieving sustainable development

关 键 词：生态脆弱性 生态服务功能 生态源地 生态廊道 优化对策 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]