黄河流域2000—2020年生态用地格局变化与分异趋势  

The evolution and differentiation trend of ecological land pattern in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2020

作　　者：卫新东[1,2] 张健 王筛妮[1,2] 蔺康莉[1] 王宁 刘永鹏 WEI Xin-dong;ZHANG Jian;WANG Shai-ni;LIN Kang-li;WANG Ning;LIU Yong-peng(School of Land Engineering,Chang'an Universily,Xi'an 710064,China;Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unutilized Land Improrement Engineering,Ministry of Natural Resources,Xi'an 710075,China;Shaanxi Prorincial Laund Regime Center,Xi'an 710000,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学土地工程学院,西安710064 [2]自然资源部退化及未利用土地整治重点实验室,西安710075 [3]陕西省国土整治中心,西安710000

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2021年第11期3424-3435,共12页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0507301)资助。

摘　　要：分析人类活动与自然环境相互作用下的生态用地格局变化和分异趋势对推动黄河流域的生态保护和高质量发展具有重要意义。基于黄河流域2000、2010、2020年3期土地利用数据,运用空间动态度模型、转移矩阵模型、生态状况指数模型等方法,探讨了近20年黄河流域生态用地的数量、结构、空间分布特征及生态质量的变化。结果表明:黄河流域不同生态用地类型数量及空间分布差异明显,基础性生态用地占比最大(60.98%),保全性生态用地占比最少(4.77%),基础性和保全性生态用地主要分布在黄河流域上中游地区,辅助性生态用地主要集中在下游地区;生态用地之间的转化呈明显的分异趋势,上中游以生态用地的内部转化为主,下游则以生态用地与非生态用地的相互转化为主,非生态用地扩张主要来源于耕地;生态用地的空间稳定性相对较高,但有下降趋势,整体上生态用地朝规模减小的趋势变化;黄河流域3个年份生态状况指数分别为60.98、61.66、60.29,生态质量呈波动式下降且有明显的梯度分异特征,上游地区生态质量最好,下游地区生态质量最差。研究结果对黄河流域各省制定生态用地管护措施和推动生态文明建设具有参考意义。Analysis of the evolution and differentiation trend of ecological land pattern under the interaction of human activities and natural environment is of great significance for the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. Based on land use data of the Yellow River Basin in 2000,2010,and 2020,we used spatial dynamic model,transfer matrix model,and ecological index model to explore the change trend of the number,structure,spatial distribution,and ecological quality of ecological lands in the Yellow River Basin in the past two decades. The results showed that the quantity and spatial distribution of different types of ecological lands in the Yellow River Basin were quite different. Basic ecological land accounted for the largest proportion( 60. 98%),whereas conservation ecological land accounted for the least( 4.77%). Basic and conservation ecological land were mainly distributed in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin,while auxiliary ecological land was mainly concentrated in the lower reaches. The transformation among different types of ecological lands showed an obvious differentiation,with the internal transformation of ecological lands occurring in the upper and middle reaches and the mutual transformation between ecological land and non-ecological land in the lower reaches,and the expansion of non-ecological land mainly from cultivated land. The spatial stability of ecological lands in the Yellow River Basin was relatively high,but with a downward trend. On the whole,ecological lands tended to decrease in scale. The ecological status index of the three years in the Yellow River Basin was 60.98,61.66,and 60.29,respectively.The ecological quality showed a fluctuating decline and had obvious characteristics of gradient differentiation. The ecological quality was the best in the upper reaches and the worst in the lower reaches. Our results provide reference for the provinces in the Yellow River Basin to formulate ecological land management and protection measures

关 键 词：生态用地 格局 生态质量 空间分异 黄河流域 

分 类 号：F301.2[经济管理—产业经济]