栎实象超寄生与橡子物理性状的关系  

The relationship between superparasitism of acorn weevils and physical characteristics of acorns

作　　者：刘亚宁 李志红 方林鑫 王毅 张威[1] 舒金平[1] 耿显胜[1] 王浩杰[1] LIU Ya-ning;LI Zhi-hong;FANG Lin-xin;WANG Yi;ZHANG Wei;SHU Jin-ping;GEN Xian-sheng;WANG Hao-jie(Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Hangzhou 311400,China;Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University,Hangzhou,311400,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,杭州311400 [2]南京林业大学,南京210037 [3]浙江农林大学,杭州311400

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2021年第11期3552-3560,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：中国林业科学研究院基本科研业务费专项资金项目(CAFYBB2019ZB002)资助。

摘　　要：栎实象是栎属植物最为重要的种实害虫,橡子品质的优劣与栎实象寄生密切相关。为探究栎实象"超寄生"危害与栎属植物果实特征的关系,并揭示其产卵策略及对后代的影响,进而为栎实象高效防控和抗性树种选育提供理论依据,本研究选取了5种常见栎属植物,分析每种植物种子的果长、果径、体积、壳厚、果形指数及虫口密度与栎实象产卵选择的关系。通过单因素方差分析比较正常果、单寄生果和超寄生果之间的大小差异,使用独立样本t检验比较橡子内单寄生幼虫及超寄生幼虫重量差异性,并用线性回归拟合分析栎属植物果实特征对栎实象产卵偏好的影响。结果表明:5种栎属植物正常果壳平均厚度显著大于栎实象为害果的壳厚(P<0.05);线性回归模型表明超寄生率与栎属植物果长、果径、体积存在显著相关性(P<0.05),并且单寄生与超寄生及超寄生橡子前后逸出的二斑栎实象幼虫重量差异均不显著(P>0.05);二斑栎实象雌虫优先选择个体较大、果皮较薄的橡子进行取食和产卵,虽然超寄生增加了单个橡子中的幼虫数量,但其后代质量并未受到显著影响,说明雌性象甲对大橡子的产卵偏好可降低超寄生带来的不利影响。超寄生是栎实象应对不同寄主果实特征的一种行为适应策略。Acorn weevil( Curculio bimaculatus) is a predominant insect pest of acorns,with the damage being closely related with the quality of acorns. Aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the efficient control of acorn weevils and the breeding of resistant oak species,we examined the relationship between the damage from oak weevil superparasitism,the characteristics of Quercus acorns,and the oviposition strategy of acorn weevils in five widespread Quercus species. The difference of acorn size among normal acorns,single-parasitized acorns,and superparasitized acorns was analyzed by one-way ANOVA( LSD). The difference of larval weight in single-parasitized and superparasitized acorns was compared with t-test. The effect of acorn characteristics on the oviposition preference of adult acorn weevil was analyzed with linear regression model. The results showed that the pericarp thickness of the normal acorns was significantly thicker than that of the damaged acorns by weevils for all the five Quercus species( P<0.05). The linear regression model showed that the superparasitic rate was significantly correlated with length,diameter,and volume of the Quercus acorns( P < 0. 05). There was no significant difference in larval weight between the single-parasitized and superparasitized acorns,as well as the weight of the first and later larvae emerging from the superparasitized acorns( P > 0. 05). The female C. bimaculatus adults preferred acorns with larger size and thinner pericarp. Although superparasitism increased the number of larvae in a single acorn,the quality of larvae was not affected. These results indicated that female weevils prefer ovipositing on larger acorns to reduce the negative effects of superparasitism. Superparasitism is a behavioral adaptation strategy for acorn weevils.

关 键 词：栎属 橡子 二斑栎实象 超寄生 产卵策略 

分 类 号：S763.7[农业科学—森林保护学]