小麦无效分蘖次生根的发生与作用  

Occurrence and function of nodal roots belonging to infertile tillers in winter wheat( Triticum aestivum L.)

作　　者：徐利利 杨习文[1,2,3,4] 周苏玫 宋淼[1,2,3,4] 邓永兴 杨一晨 郭芳芳 付锦州 贺德先 XU Li-li;YANG Xi-wen;ZHOU Su-mei;SONG Miao;DENG Yong-xing;YANG Yi-chen;GUO Fang-fang;FU Jin-zhou(College of Agronomy of Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China;National Engineering Research Center for Wheat,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Co-Construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院,郑州450046 [2]国家小麦工程技术研究中心,郑州450046 [3]省部共建小麦玉米作物学国家重点实验室,郑州450046 [4]河南粮食作物协同创新中心,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2021年第11期3650-3659,共10页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“粮食丰产增效科技创新”重点专项课题(2018YFD0300701);河南省重点研发与推广专项(科技攻关)(192102110142)资助。

摘　　要：小麦生长发育过程中普遍存在无效分蘖消亡而其次生根仍然存活的现象。探索无效分蘖次生根的发生、生长和作用,对小麦生理生态理论和高产高效栽培实践均具有重要意义。通过不同氮肥运筹,研究了无效分蘖次生根的发生与生长、生理活性及其与籽粒产量、品质和植株氮素利用率的关系。结果表明:无效分蘖次生根于返青期至拔节期期间开始发生,一般单株7~15条,到灌浆期停止发根;开花期、灌浆期和成熟期,无效分蘖次生根数呈先升高后降低趋势,变化范围1~3条;无效分蘖次生根根系活力低于有效分蘖次生根,且呈逐渐下降趋势;无效分蘖次生根数与单位面积成穗数呈正相关,与穗粒数、籽粒产量呈负相关;无效分蘖次生根根系活力与籽粒产量及其构成因素均呈正相关;无效分蘖次生根数及其根系活力与籽粒蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量呈正相关;生育后期无效分蘖次生根数及根系活力与氮肥偏生产力、氮素吸收效率呈正相关。综上,适当控制无效分蘖次生根发生并增强其根系活性,对产量和品质形成具有重要意义。It is a common phenomenon that an infertile tiller dies away but its nodal roots survive during wheat growth and development. It is important to study the occurrence,growth,and function of nodal roots belonging to infertile tillers for both wheat ecophysiological theory and highyield & high-efficiency cultivation practice. We explored the occurrence,growth,and vigor of nodal roots belonging to infertile tillers and their relationships with grain yield,quality,and nitrogen use efficiency of the whole plant under different nitrogen application rates. The results showed that nodal roots belonging to infertile tillers occurred from growth recovering to jointing stage,and ended to develop during grain-filling stage,with the number of 7-15 roots per plant.From anthesis to grain-filling and mature stages,nodal roots belonging to infertile tillers increased first and then decreased,with a change ranging from 1 to 3 per plant. Physiological vigor of nodal roots belonging to infertile tillers was weaker than that belonging to fertile tillers,and the former gradually decreased with growth. The number of nodal roots belonging to infertile tillers was positively correlated with ears per unit area,and negatively correlated with grains per ear and grain yield. There was a positive correlation between physiological vigor of nodal roots belonging to infertile tillers and wheat yield and its components. As for grain quality,both the number and vigor of nodal roots belonging to infertile tillers were positively correlated with the contents of protein and soluble sugars of grains. The number and vigor of nodal roots belonging to infertile tillers in late growing period were positively correlated with partial factor productivity of applied nitrogen and nitrogen uptake efficiency. In conclusion,appropriate regulation and control of nodal roots belonging to infertile tillers in practice would be important for grain yield and quality formation of winter wheat.

关 键 词：冬小麦 无效分蘖 次生根 发生 作用 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]