渍水寡照及协同作用对小麦生长发育的影响  

Effects of waterlogging,low illumination,and their synergism on the growth and development of wheat

作　　者：江敏 林聃[1] 石春林 孙彬[1] 宣守丽 薛昌颖[3] JIANG Min;LIN Dan;SHI Chun-lin;SUN Bin;Xuan Shou-li;XUE Chang-ying(College Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetis,Breeding and Multi ple Uilization of Crops,College of Agriculture,Fujian Agriculure and Foresry University,Fuzhou 350002,China;Institute of Agricultural Information,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China;CMA·Henan Key Laboratory of Agrometeorological Support and Applied Technique,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学农学院,作物遗传育种与综合利用教育部重点实验室,福州30002 [2]江苏省农业科学院农业信息研究所,南京210014 [3]中国气象局·河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点开放实验室,郑州450003

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2021年第11期3660-3672,共13页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(41801020);中国气象局农业气象保障与应用技术重点开放实验室开放研究基金项目(AMF201806)资助。

摘　　要：农业气象灾害是制约作物高产优质的主要因素之一。长江中下游地区春季连阴雨天气导致的渍水寡照常常会对小麦生长发育过程造成严重影响。为定量研究其影响程度,本文选取了长江中下游地区的小麦主栽品种宁麦13和扬麦23作为试验材料,设置渍水、寡照以及渍水+寡照3种处理,在小麦拔节期和孕穗期进行不同持续时长(5、10及15d)的胁迫试验以及灾后恢复试验,分析了渍水寡照对小麦发育进程、株高、叶片叶绿素含量及光合速率的影响。结果表明:不同处理均导致2品种小麦的发育进程有所推迟,拔节期渍水和寡照的协同胁迫对小麦影响最大;小麦孕穗期受逆境胁迫后,将导致后期的籽粒灌浆以及成熟过程的延迟,且延迟时间与受胁迫的时长呈正相关;小麦的株高也会受到拔节期和孕穗期逆境胁迫的影响,孕穗期胁迫对株高的影响大于拔节期,其中渍水和渍水+寡照处理对株高影响显著,单一寡照胁迫影响较弱;不同生长阶段的渍水和渍水+寡照胁迫时,小麦的叶绿素含量出现不同程度下降;而寡照处理后叶绿素含量有两种不同的响应模式,拔节期单一寡照胁迫5 d时,其叶绿素含量较对照更高,但随胁迫天数的增加而降低至对照水平之下;孕穗期寡照胁迫下,小麦的叶绿素含量均高于对照水平;各胁迫对小麦光合速率的影响表现为:受渍水或寡照的胁迫时间越长,光合速率下降幅度亦越大,其中拔节期光合速率对渍水+寡照的协同作用反应最敏感,孕穗期的光合速率变化在单一渍水胁迫时最明显。在拔节期受3种类型胁迫5 d时,光合速率均能在短时间内恢复至对照水平,但随着逆境胁迫时间加长,其受抑程度加大,恢复所需时间亦越长,渍水+寡照胁迫时,对恢复过程影响最大;孕穗期渍水处理持续时长超过10 d或渍水+寡照胁迫处理15 d后,光合速率将无法恢复到对照水平,而寡照不�Agrometeorological disaster is one of the main factors restricting high yield and quality of crops. The waterlogging and low illumination caused by continuous overcast and rainy weather in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River seriously influence the growth and development of wheat. To explore the effects of continuous overcast and rainy weather on the growth and development of wheat,a controlled experiment with three stress types( waterlogging,low illumination,waterlogging + low illumination) and three durations( 5,10 and 15 d) during elongation and booting stages of winter wheat was conducted in Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,with cultivars Ningmai 13 and Yangmai 23 as experimental materials. We measured plant height,tiller number,chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate of wheat leaf blades during stress process and post-disaster recovery tests. The results showed that different stress types delayed the development of both cultivars,with greatest synergistic effects of waterlogging and low illumination at the jointing stage. For all different stress types at booting stage,the delay of filling and maturity process became more obvious with the extension of treatment time. Plant height was affected by the stress at jointing stage and booting stage. Waterlogging and waterlogging + low illumination treatments significantly affected plant height,while low illumination alone had a weak effect. A stronger effect on plant height was found at booting stage stress than at jointing stage. Under waterlogging and waterlogging + low illumination stress in different growth stages,the chlorophyll content of wheat decreased in varying degrees,but the response to low illumination was variable. When low illumination alone was applied for five days at jointing stage,the chlorophyll content was higher than that of the control,but decreased to the lower level of the control with the increased stress duration. The chlorophyll content of wheat under low illumination stress at booting stage was higher than that

关 键 词：小麦 渍水 寡照 株高 叶绿素 光合速率 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]