2014-2018年江西省燃煤污染型地方性氟中毒病区监测结果分析  

Analysis of monitoring results of coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis in Jiangxi Province from 2014 to 2018

作　　者：上官俊[1] 周炳华[1] 毛战球[1] 唐乖 李紫芬 龚艳凤[1] 雷蕾[1] Shangguan Jun;Zhou Binghua;Mao Zhanqiu;Tang Guai;Li Zifen;Gong Yanfeng;Lei Lei(Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control,Jiangxi Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Nanchang 330029,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省疾病预防控制中心地方病防治所,南昌330029

出　　处：《中华地方病学杂志》2021年第11期898-901,共4页Chinese Journal of Endemiology

摘　　要：目的了解江西省燃煤污染型地方性氟中毒病区防治措施落实后病情现状和变化趋势。方法按照国家《燃煤污染型地方性氟中毒监测方案》的要求,2014-2018年,每年在江西省芦溪、上栗县分别抽取3个固定监测村和5个非固定监测村,采用单纯随机抽样方法每个村抽取10户家庭,监测灶使用情况和食用辣椒相关行为方式,并在固定监测村开展8~12岁儿童氟斑牙和尿氟监测。结果固定监测村各年度改良灶使用率、电炊具等清洁能源使用率、改良灶合格率比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=111.70、83.96、36.64,P均<0.05),而改良灶正确使用率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=2.35,P>0.05)。非固定监测村各年度改良灶使用率、电炊具等清洁能源使用率、改良灶合格率、改良灶正确使用率比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=132.32、42.63、50.03、15.29,P均<0.05)。固定监测村和非固定监测村各年度间食用辣椒正确干燥率比较,差异均无统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.068、3.436,P均>0.05),食用辣椒正确保管率和加工前淘洗率均达到或接近100%。2014-2018年8~12岁儿童氟斑牙检出率从17.04%(106/622)下降至6.68%(90/1347),且呈逐年下降趋势(χ^(2)趋势=72.60,P<0.01);各年度尿氟几何均数分别为0.77、0.74、0.71、0.74、0.72 mg/L,各年度间比较差异无统计学意义(H=4.142,P>0.05)。结论江西省燃煤污染型地方性氟中毒病区防治工作取得明显成效。Objective To understand the status and tendency of coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis after implementation of prevention and control measures in Jiangxi Province.Methods According to the requirements of the national"Coal-burning-borne Endemic Fluorosis Monitoring Program",3 fixed monitoring villages and 5 non-fixed monitoring villages in Luxi,Shangli were selected as monitoring sites every year from 2014 to 2018,respectively,10 households were selected by simple random method in each village to survey the usage of stove and health behavior related to the consumption of pepper.At the same time,dental fluorosis and urinary fluoride were monitored in children aged 8-12 years in fixed monitoring villages.Results There were significant differences in the utilization rate of improved stoves,the utilization rate of electric cookers and the qualified rate of improved stoves in fixed monitoring villages between each year(χ^(2)=111.70,83.96,36.64,P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in the correct utilization rate of qualified improved stoves(χ^(2)=2.35,P>0.05).There were significant differences in the utilization rate of improved stoves,the utilization rate of electric cookers,the qualified rate of improved stoves and the correct utilization rate of qualified improved stoves in non-fixed monitoring villages between each year(χ^(2)=132.32,42.63,50.03,15.29,P<0.05).There was no significant difference in pepper correct drying rates between fixed monitoring villages and non-fixed monitoring villages between each year(χ^(2)=4.068,3.436,P>0.05),the rate of pepper correct keeping and washing methods was 100%in monitored villages each year.From 2014 to 2018,the detection rate of dental fluorosis in children aged 8-12 years decreased from 17.04%(106/622)to 6.68%(90/1347),and showed a downward trend year by year(χ^(2)trend=72.60,P<0.01).The annual geometric mean of urinary fluoride of children was 0.77,0.74,0.71,0.74 and 0.72 mg/L,respectively.There was no significant difference among years(H=4.142,P>0.05).Conclus

关 键 词：氟 监测 改炉改灶 

分 类 号：R599.1[医药卫生—内科学]