山东孔林植物群落动态变化及演替分析  

Analysis on plant community dynamics and succession in the Confucian Cemetery, Shandong Province, China

作　　者：张文馨 王蕙 范小莉[1] 王强 房用[1] 梁玉[1] ZHANG Wen-xin;WANG Hui;FAN Xiao-li;WANG Qiang;FANG Yong;LIANG Yu(Shandong Academy of Forestry,Jinan 250014,Shandong,China;School of Life Sciences,Shandong University,Qingdao 266237,Shandong,China;Forestry Foreign Investment and Project Management Station of Shandong Province,Jinan 250014,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省林业科学研究院,山东济南250014 [2]山东大学生命科学学院,山东青岛266237 [3]山东省林业外资与工程项目管理站,山东济南250014

出　　处：《山东大学学报（理学版）》2021年第11期43-50,共8页Journal of Shandong University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家科技基础性工作专项基金资助项目(2011FY110300);山东省国土空间规划专题(山东省自然保护地布局研究)资助项目。

摘　　要：采用样方调查法对孔林植物群落类型、物种组成、多样性、径级结构进行了调查分析,并与历史调查数据进行对比,探究了孔林植物群落演替过程与趋势。结果表明,经50多年的演替,孔林植物群落类型有所增加。除了原有的侧柏林、麻栎林和黄连木林外,新出现了刺槐林、皂荚林等阔叶林及侧柏-黄连木、侧柏-栾树、麻栎-侧柏等针阔混交林。孔林植物群落中阔叶乔木种类增加,正向顶极的落叶阔叶林演替。与50年前相比,孔林植物群落灌木层盖度有所降低,草本层盖度明显升高,外来植物种类增加,50年间灌木及草本物种组成差异明显。孔林中侧柏和刺槐种群处于稳定发展阶段,黄连种群处于良好增长阶段,而麻栎种群发展有衰退趋势。孔林典型植物群落中侧柏-牛繁缕群丛的乔木层、灌木层及草本层植物多样性均较低,孔林植物多样性受人为干扰的影响远高于自然生境的影响。孔林定期的灌草管理、引种栽培及旅游等活动对孔林植物群落造成了一定影响,建议在必要的人工造林、保育的基础上,适当减少对孔林的人为干扰,促进孔林植物群落向近自然林演替。Plant community type, species composition, diversity and diameter-class structure in the Confucian Cemetery were investigated by using the quadrat survey method, and the process and trend of the succession of the plant community were explored by comparing with the historical survey data. The results showed that the plant community types increased after 50 years of succession. In addition to the original Platycladus orientalis forest, Quercus acutissima forest and Pistacia chinensis forest, there are new broad-leaved forests such as Robinia pseudoacacia forest and Gleditsia sinensis forest, and mixed broadleaf-conifer forests such as Platycladus orientalis-Pistacia chinensis forest, Platycladus orientalis-Koelreuteria paniculate forest and Quercus acutissima-Platycladus orientalis forest. Broad-leaved tree species increased in plant community. The plant community is succeeding towards the climax deciduous broad-leaved forest. Compared with 50 years ago, the coverage of shrub layer decreased, the coverage of herb layer increased, and the number of exotic plant species increased. The species composition of shrubs and herbaceous plants varied significantly in 50 years. Platycladus orientalis and Robinia pseudoacacia population were in the stable development stage, Pistacia chinensis population was in the good growth stage, and Quercus acacia population had a declining trend. The plant diversity of arbor layer, shrub layer and herb layer of Platycladus orientalis-Myosoton aquaticum association was low, and the influence of human disturbance on plant diversity was much higher than that of natural habitat. Human activities such as shrub management, plant introduction and cultivation and tourism on a regular basis have a certain influence on the plant community of the Confucian Cemetery. It is suggested that on the basis of necessary artificial afforestation and artificial conservation, human interference should be appropriately reduced to promote the succession of the plant community to the near natural forest in the Co

关 键 词：植物群落 演替 多样性 孔林 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]