广西全灌话的性质及其归属  

On the Nature and Classification of Quanguan Dialect in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

作　　者：覃远雄 QIN Yuanxiong

机构地区：[1]南昌大学人文学院,南昌 [2]中国社会科学院语言研究所,北京

出　　处：《方言》2021年第4期401-412,共12页Dialect

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“语言接触视角下的广西汉语方言语音演变研究”(17AYY003)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文所讨论的全灌话是指,广西桂林市兴安、全州、灌阳、资源四县境内以各县城话为代表的通用交际语,即兴安话、全州话、灌阳话、资源话。其突出的语音特点主要有两条:第一、古全浊声母字今读浊音声母,或逢塞音塞擦音今读不送气清音,与湖南湘语相同。第二、声调整体上与西南官话一致,古清上和次浊上归上声,全浊上归去声。去声今读不分阴阳,入声今读一般归阳平;调值同于或近于桂林等官话。学界传统将全灌话划归湘语,主要依据就是第一条,至于第二条认为那是受桂林等西南官话影响所致。近年来也有学者认为全灌话应属西南官话,其主要依据就是上列第二条,至于第一条认为那是受湘语影响的结果。也有持西南官话论者提出是官话转用的观点,但对其特点没做出应有的解释。我们认为全灌话是当地人学习桂林等西南官话的结果。第一条是学习西南官话时母语方言干扰带来的,第二条是官话固有特点的保留。并对比湘南官话,将全灌话视作跟湖南永州等湘南官话相同的方言。最后顺带说说汉语方言分区标准及相关问题。Quanguan dialect in this paper refers to the general Mandarin in Xing’an,Quanzhou,Guanyang and Ziyuan counties in Guilin city,Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region,which has two main phonological features.1) The MC voiced initials are pronounced as voiced consonants today,or unaspirated voiceless consonants when they are plosives or affricates,which is the same as those in Xiang dialects in Hu’nan province.2) The MC Shangsheng 上声 tone with voiceless or Cizhuo 次浊 initials are pronounced as Shangsheng tone today,while those with voiced initials are pronounced as Qusheng 去声 tone.Tones of MC Qusheng merge regardless of voiced or voiceless initials and Tones of Rusheng入声 are pronounced as Yangping 阳平 today.The tone pitch are similar to those in Guilin Mandarin.Traditionally,based on feature 1),researchers regard Quanguan dialect as a Xiang dialect,and argues that the feature 2) is formed by the influence of Southwestern Mandarin.In recent years,some researchers regard Quanguan dialect as a Southwestern Mandarn based on feature 2),and the feature 1) is formed by the influence of Xiang dialect.Some assumptions that it is converted from Mandarin are lacking adequate explanations.This paper argues that Quanguan dialect is formed by learning Southwestern Mandarin.Feature 1) is formed by the influence of Tuhua when Tuhua native speaker learn Southwestern Mandarin and feature 2) is inherent of Mandarin.Comparing with Mandarins in southern Hu’nan province,this paper regards Quanguan dialect as a Mandarin equivalent to that of Yongzhou in Hu’nan province.It finally discusses about criteria of dialect classification or distribution and the related issues.

关 键 词：广西全灌话 西南官话 湘语 方言分区标准 

分 类 号：H172.3[语言文字—汉语] H174