迪亚斯执政时期美国的资本扩张与墨西哥城的城市重建  

The Expansion of the American Capital and the City-Rebuilding of Mexico City during the Porfirato Administration

作　　者：汪艮兰 程洪[2] Wang Genlan;Cheng Hong

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院 [2]江汉大学人文学院历史系

出　　处：《世界历史》2021年第5期37-51,I0003,共16页World History

摘　　要：在波菲里奥·迪亚斯执政时期,美国开发商在墨西哥城的住房建设、道路建设、公共建设等方面发挥作用,奠定了现代墨西哥城"西新东旧"的住房格局,促使墨西哥城的城市功能更加健全,城市风貌更具现代化气息。美国资本家在墨西哥城引入先进的工业化学和冶炼工艺,建设铁路,并引进了发电技术,使得电能成为该城的标准能源,促进了墨西哥城的人口集中和工业集聚。整体来看,美国资本促进了墨西哥城的现代市政变革,引起了这座城市工业的结构性变动。总之,在迪亚斯执政时期,以美国资本为主导、墨西哥政府支持的对墨西哥城的城市重建,有力地推动了这座城市的早期现代化进程。同时也应看到,美国在墨西哥的资本扩张是讲求利己主义的,要为本国的制造业开拓海外市场,为美国资本主义的生存和发展提供养分,与19世纪后期美国的扩张外交政策是浑然一体的。The reconstruction of housing,roads,and public facilities by the American developers during the Porfirato administration of Mexico laid a foundation for the housing pattern of modern Mexico City with a relatively new west part and an old east part,and prompted a more functional city with a modernised urban landscape.The American capitalists greatly promoted the early industrialisation of Mexico City by setting up factories,introducing advanced industrial chemistry and metallurgy,and building railroads.In addition,the Americans brought power generation technology to this city.Accordingly,the electrical energy became the standard energy source in this city,contributing to the concentration of population and industry.This promoted the municipal reform of Mexico City and gave rise to the structural change of its industry.In conclusion,the city-rebuilding of Mexico City,which was dominated by the American capital and supported by the Mexican government,greatly promoted the early modernisation of Mexico City during the Porfirato administration.Actually,the American capital expansion in Mexico was based on self-interests,so as to find the overseas markets for domestic manufacturing industries and to provide some nutrients for the survival and development of American capitalism,and it was blended into the American foreign policy of expansion in the late 19th century.

关 键 词：墨西哥史 美国资本 墨西哥城 城市重建 波菲里奥·迪亚斯 

分 类 号：F171.2[经济管理—世界经济] F299.731[政治法律—政治学] D773.1[政治法律—中外政治制度] D871.2