原敬关于立宪君主制改革的构想与实践  

Hara Takasi ’s Conception and Practice relating to the Reform of the Constitutional Monarchy System

作　　者：陈伟[1] Chen Wei

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所

出　　处：《世界历史》2021年第5期52-63,I0003,共13页World History

摘　　要：原敬为巩固政友会内阁的地位和统治基础,在谋求政友会占众议院绝对多数席位和扩张政友会党势的同时,针对立宪君主制中的皇室、贵族院、军部、枢密院以及超脱于宪法体制之外的元老等制约内阁权力的诸机构,提出了一系列改革构想,并在可能的范围内付诸实践。其目标并非是建立英国式的议会君主制,而依然是以天皇主权为基础,限制军部等诸机构的权力。从客观效果上看,原敬通过其改革构想与实践,在体制内部打开了缺口,削弱了诸机构的地位,扩大了政友会的党势,向构建大政友会的方向迈出了关键的一步,提高了政友会内阁的地位,推动了近代日本政党政治的发展。但另一方面,原敬改革构想与实践中的妥协性也给政党政治的发展带来负面影响,未能促进日本立宪政治走上更良性的发展道路。近代日本政党政治的发展轨迹在实质上是政党与军部等诸机构相互妥协和融合的历史过程。In order to consolidate the ruling position of the Rikken Seiyukai in the Japanese government and House of Representatives,Hara Takasi put forward a series of ideas in an attempt to reform the institutions restricting the power of the cabinet,including the royal house,the Kizokuin,the Gunnbu,the Suumituinn and the Elders.On the basis of his ideas,he tried his best to put them into practice.However,Hara Takasi ’s purpose was not to establish a British parliamentary monarchy,but put the Emperor at the core of the Constitutional Monarchy while restricting the power of institutions mentioned above.On one hand,through his efforts,Hara Takasi succeeded in enlarging the Tousei of his party,consolidating its status in the cabinet,making a breakthrough toward the establishment of a greater Rikken Seiyukai,and promoting the development of party politics in Japan.On the other hand,the reconciling nature of his concepts and practices exerted side effects on party politics and accordingly deprived constitutional politics in Japan of a sound development.In conclusion,the evolution of party politics in modern Japan indicates a process that is full of compromises and reconciliations between political parties and other institutions.

关 键 词：日本政治制度 原敬 立宪君主制 政党政治 政友会 

分 类 号：K313.4[历史地理—历史学] D731.3[历史地理—世界史]