近代日本军队的国民“统制”机制及其演进  

National “Control” Mechanism of the Japanese Army in Modern History and Its Evolution

作　　者：郭循春 Guo Xunchun

机构地区：[1]南开大学世界近现代史研究中心、日本研究院

出　　处：《世界历史》2021年第5期64-78,I0004,共16页World History

基　　金：教育部人文社科项目“日本官方对共产党的认识与政策研究1921—1945”(项目编号:20YJC770010)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：自1873年日本开始施行征兵制以来,日本军部逐渐构建起一套有别于内务省体系、属于军部的国民"统制"机制。军部在明治时期,通过强化征兵制、构建退役军人管理制度来奠定该机制的基础;在大正时期,通过建立役前青年"统制"制度来强化该机制;昭和初期,又通过镇压反军运动、宣传对外战争来验证、巩固该机制。这个机制以征兵制为核心,以"良兵良民"思想和"良民良兵"思想为指导,以服兵役前的青年、现役的士兵、退役后的在乡军人为对象,依赖各地方师团、基层连队来维持其运转,构成了近代日本军队维护社会治安、发动对外战争的一个支柱。Since 1873,Japan began to implement a conscription system.Since then,the Japanese army authorities has gradually established a national "control " mechanism which is different from the mechanism founded by the Interior Ministry.During the Meiji period,the military department laid the foundation of the mechanism through strengthening the conscription system and building a management system for retired soldiers.In the Taisho period,it strengthened this mechanism by establishing a preservice youth "control"system.Furthermore,in the early Showa period,it suppressed the anti-army movement in virtue of propagating overseas wars to verify and consolidate this mechanism.Using the conscription system as its core,such mechanism is guided by the ideas of "good soldiers are good citizens"and "good citizens are good soldiers",took youths before military service,soldiers in active service and veterans association as targets,and relied on local divisions and regiments and the basiclevel companies for maintaining the operation.This constituted a pillar for the modern Japanese army to maintain social order and launch overseas wars.

关 键 词：日本军部 征兵制 国民统制 在乡军人会 青年训练所 

分 类 号：K313.4[历史地理—历史学] E313[历史地理—世界史]