杨凌蔬菜基地土壤多环芳烃的污染特征及其来源  

Pollution Characteristics and Source of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil of Vegetable Bases in Yangling District

作　　者：李国秀[1] 崔利辉 刘伟[1] 刘小宁[1] LI Guoxiu;CUI Lihui;LIU Wei;LIU Xiaoning(Department of Biological Engineering,Yangling Vocational&Technical College,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]杨凌职业技术学院生物工程分院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2021年第11期109-116,共8页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：杨凌职业技术学院科学研究基金项目“土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯和多环芳烃的检测方法及其在杨凌区蔬菜基地的污染状况研究”(A2018053);杨凌示范区科技计划项目“杨凌区及其周边蔬菜基地重金属和抗生素污染特征及其风险评价研究”(2018SF-02)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明杨凌区蔬菜基地土壤多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染来源及污染程度,为当地蔬菜等农产品安全生产和农业环境污染防控提供科学依据。【方法】采用气相色谱-质谱联用法对杨凌区蔬菜基地15个土壤样品中16种多环芳烃化合物进行检测,依据土壤PAHs分级标准对污染水平进行评价,采用分子标记物特征比值法对污染源进行分析。【结果】杨凌区蔬菜基地土壤PAHs的总量为72.46~437.63μg/kg,平均含量为228.57μg/kg,中位值212.84μg/kg;16种PAHs中,以高环(4~6环)多环芳烃中的荧蒽、芘、屈、苯并(b)荧蒽和3环芳烃中的菲为主,其他多环芳烃单体含量均较低;土壤PAHs污染水平整体判定为轻度污染,其中,67%的采样点为轻度污染,33%的采样点为无污染;与国内其他地区相比,杨凌区蔬菜基地土壤多环芳烃含量相对较低,污染程度较轻;基地PAHs来源主要是煤和生物质的燃烧,少数点位来源于机动车尾气排放和石油燃烧。【结论】杨凌区蔬菜基地土壤PAHs污染程度为轻度污染,主要来源于煤和生物质的燃烧,人类生产活动中应尽量使用清洁能源,蔬菜基地选址时应远离公路主干道,以防控PAHs的进一步污染。【Objective】The contamination source and degree of PAHs in soils of vegetable bases in Yangling District are verified to provide the scientific basis for safety production of agricultural products including local vegetables.and control of agricultural environmental contamination.【Method】16 PAHs compounds in 15 soil samples from bases in Yangling District are detected by GC-MS.The contamination level is evaluated according to soil PAHs classification standard and the contamination source is analysed by the molecular markers characteristic ratio method.【Result】Total PAHs content in the soil of vegetable bases is 72.46~437.63μg/kg with an average content of 228.57μg/kg and the median is 212.84μg/kg.16 PAHs compounds are detected to varying degree.The fluoranthene,pyrene,chrysene,benzo(b)fluoranthene in PAHs with high cyclic number(4~6)and phenanthrene in tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are the main pollutants and the content of other PAH monomers is lower.The soil PAHs contamination level of the vegetable bases is evaluated as mild contamination overall and 67%and 33%sampling sites are evaluated as mild contamination and non-contamination respectively.The soil PAHs content of the vegetable bases is relatively lower compared with other regions.The soil PAHs source of the vegetable bases is mainly from burning of coal and biomass.The soil PAHs source of a few sampling sites is from automotive exhaust emission and oil combustion.【Conclusion】The soil PAHs contamination degree of the vegetable bases in Yangling District is evaluated as mild contamination and the PAHs contamination is from coal and biomass burning mainly.Clean energy should be used in human production activities as far as possible and the site selection of vegetable bases should be far away from main roads to prevent further pollution of PAHs.

关 键 词：多环芳烃(PAHs) 蔬菜基地 土壤 污染特征 杨凌 陕西 

分 类 号：S6[农业科学—园艺学]