尖裸鲤染色体核型分析及进化地位研究  

Karyotype analysis and evolutionary status of Oxygymnocypris stewartii

作　　者：马凯 佟广香[1,3] 张永泉 张庆渔[1,3] 尹家胜 牟振波[2] 匡友谊 MA Kai;TONG Guangxiang;ZHANG Yongquan;ZHANG Qingyu;YIN Jiasheng;MOU Zhenbo;KUANG Youyi(Heilongjiang River Fishery Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150076,China;Institute of Fisheries Science,Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Lhasa,Tibet 850002,China;Key Open Laboratory of Cold-Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150076,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150076 [2]西藏自治区农牧科学院水产科学研究所,西藏拉萨850002 [3]黑龙江省冷水性鱼类种质资源及增养殖重点开放实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150076

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第12期28-33,42,共7页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：农业财政专项“西藏重点水域渔业资源与环境调查”;中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费项目(2020TD56)。

摘　　要：【目的】对尖裸鲤(Oxygymnocypris stewartii)的染色体核型进行分析,为其进化生物学、种质标准制定及杂交育种亲本选择提供细胞遗传学依据。【方法】以西藏自治区农牧科学院水产科学研究所和中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所联合驯养的尖裸鲤为试验对象,取其头肾采用冷滴片法制备染色体标本,PI染色,荧光显微镜下拍照,使用Photoshop和曲线测量工具E-ruler对染色体进行测量和配对,获得染色体核型,并与已报道的19种(或亚种)裂腹鱼亚科鱼类的中部着丝粒染色体(m)+亚中部着丝粒染色体(sm)和亚端部着丝粒染色体(st)+端部着丝粒染色体(t)的数量比进行比对,分析尖裸鲤的进化地位。【结果】尖裸鲤染色体数目为2n=92,核型公式为26m+28sm+20st+18t,臂数(NF)=146,进化地位在裂腹鱼亚科中处于中等水平。【结论】明确了尖裸鲤的染色体核型和进化地位,其特化程度为高度特化等级。【Objective】The karyotype of Oxygymnocypris stewartii was analyzed to provide cytogene-tic basis for its development of evolutionary biology,germplasm standards and parental selection in cross breeding.【Method】The head-kidney of O.stewartii,domesticated by Institute of Fisheries Science,Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences and Heilongjiang River Fishery Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,was collected and cold drop method was used to prepare chromosome specimens.After PI staining and fluorescence microscopy,the software of Photoshop and curve measurement tool E-ruler were used to measure and pair chromosomes of O.stewartii,and the evolu-tionary status of O.stewartii was analyzed by comparing the chromosome ratios of metacentric chromosome(m)+submetacentric chromosome(sm)and subtermocentric chromosome(st)+telocentric chromosome(t)with 19 species(subspecies)of Schizothoracinae.【Result】The chromosome number of O.ste-wartii was 2n=92,the karyotype formula was 26m+28sm+20st+18t,the arm number(NF)=146,and its evolutionary status in Schizothoracinae was middle level.【Conclusion】The karyotype of O.stewartii and its evolutionary status were determined,and the degree of specialization was high.

关 键 词：尖裸鲤 染色体核型 裂腹鱼亚科 进化地位 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]