国际贸易法视阈下数据本地化措施的边界及其协调--以《个人信息保护法》为切入点  

The Boundary of Data Localization Measures and Its Coordination:From the Perspective of International Trade Law-Taking the Personal Information Protection Law as the Foothold

作　　者：张明 Zhang Ming

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学法学院

出　　处：《南大法学》2021年第6期21-37,共17页NanJing University Law Journal

摘　　要：数据本地化措施与数字贸易自由化发展密切相关。全球个人信息保护立法中蕴藏着纷繁复杂的数据本地化措施。国际贸易法视阈下,数据本地化措施属于国内监管措施。因此,数据本地化措施的合理边界即在于不构成不必要的贸易限制。沿循必要性标准测试的实践,数据本地化措施的必要性判断应当综合考虑成员方所追求的利益或价值的重要程度、争议措施对政策目标达成的贡献程度、争议措施的贸易限制程度、成员方对公共利益和价值的保护程度和更少贸易限制性替代措施五个方面。以此为标准展开,我国《个人信息保护法》中的相关措施并未对数字贸易的发展施加不必要的贸易限制。基于发展的视角,国内监管议题是晚近自由贸易协定的重要议题。在良好监管实践的指引下,完善数据本地化措施应当提升措施制定全流程的透明度、完善监管影响评估并关注国内监管措施的协调与平衡。落脚于《个人信息保护法》,中国应考虑以数据信息跨境流动自由化为原则优化个人信息的跨境流动规则,并积极探索良好监管实践在个人信息跨境影响评估中的适用。Data localization measures are closely related to the liberalization of digital trade.Legislation related to the protection of personal information contains complex data localization measures.From the perspective of international trade law,data localization measures are domestic regulatory measures.Therefore,the reasonable boundary of data localization measures signifies that they do not constitute unnecessary trade restrictions.Following the practice of the necessity standard test,the necessity of data localization measures should be judged by the following elements:“relative importance of the common interests or values that the measures to be enforced is intended to protect”,“the extent to which the measure contributes to the realization of the policy objective pursued”,“the extent to which the measure produces restrictive effects on international commerce”,“the relative importance of the common interests or values that the measures to be enforced is intended to protect”,and“whether there is an alternative measure that would achieve the same objective and that is less restrictive of trade than a prohibition”.Based on this standard,China's Personal Information Protection Law does not impose unnecessary trade restrictions on the development of international trade.Domestic regulatory issues are important issues in recent free trade agreements.Under the guidance of good regulatory practices,the improvement of data localization measures should enhance the transparency of the whole process of measure formulation,improve the regulatory impact assessment,and pay attention to the coordination and balance of domestic regulatory measures.Based on China's Personal Information Protection Law,China should consider optimizing the rules for cross-border flow of personal information based on the principle of the liberalization of cross-border flow of data and information,and actively explore the application of good regulatory practices in the assessment of the impact of personal information going abroad.

关 键 词：数据本地化措施 国内监管措施 良好监管实践 个人信息保护法 

分 类 号：D996.1[政治法律—经济法学] D912.1[政治法律—国际法学]