利用探针片进行X射线粉晶衍射分析在白云鄂博矿床中的应用  

Application of X-ray Powder Diffraction Analysis in Bayan Obo Deposit with Microprobe Slice

作　　者：杨波 杨莉 孟文祥 沈茂森[1] 刘涛 于宏东[2,3] YANG Bo;YANG Li;MENG Wen-iang;SHEN Maosen;LIU Tao;YU Hongdong(Mining and Metallurgy Research Institute,Baotou Iron and Steel(Group)Ca,Baotou 014030,Inner Mongolia,China;National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology,Institute of Process Engineering Beijing,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Ganjiang Innovation Academy,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Ganzhou 341000,Jiangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]包钢集团矿山研究院,内蒙古包头014030 [2]中国科学院过程工程研究所湿法冶金清洁生产技术国家工程实验室,北京100190 [3]中国科学院赣江创新研究院,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《有色金属（选矿部分）》2021年第6期34-42,共9页Nonferrous Metals（Mineral Processing Section）

基　　金：中国科学院绿色制造创新研究院项目(IAGM2020DB09);中国科学院赣江创新研究院自主部署项目(E055A002)。

摘　　要：白云鄂博矿床是驰名中外的一座宝山,稀土、铌、铁等资源储量巨大,产出形式多样,要想利用好这些资源,必须对元素所赋存的矿物进行准确鉴定。目前最基础的矿物鉴定方法是显微镜观察。但白云鄂博矿床矿物组成复杂、粒度较细,许多矿物在镜下光性特征并不明显、甚至特征相似,对人员能力和经验要求很高,效率较低。XRD分析面对这些难点有自己的优势,不过传统XRD分析为粉末制样,为了能在镜下观察的区域上做XRD分析,实现多种手段相结合近似"原位"的分析,尝试使用探针片制样法,这种制样方式对于XRD分析的准确性是一种挑战。为验证其可行性,采集白云鄂博主矿6件矿石标本,制成探针片后进行显微镜观察和XRD分析,对比其结果,并补充相应能谱和电子探针测试。发现:(1)XRD分析结果与显微镜鉴定结果基本一致,通过对探针片位置的合适摆放可以实现与显微镜下观测区近似"原位"的分析,且效率更高;(2)XRD分析有利于鉴定细粒矿物和光性相似矿物,有利于为镜下特殊矿物鉴定提供可靠结果;(3)强烈的变生作用会导致XRD分析漏检变生矿物;(4)在白云鄂博矿床利用探针片制样,有利于后续进行多方法联合分析,能更好地发挥各设备优势,形成系统、精确的鉴定结果。Bayan Obo deposit is famous for its rare earth,niobium,iron and other resources.In order to make good use of these resources,it is necessary to accurately identify the minerals.At present,the most basic mineral identification method is microscopic observation.However,the mineral composition of Bayan Obo deposit is complex and the particle size is fine.The optical characteristics of many minerals are not obvious or even similar under the microscope,which requires high personnel ability and experience and leads to the low efficiency.XRD analysis has its own advantages in the face of these difficulties.But the traditional XRD analysis requires powder sample.In order to carry out XRD analysis on the area observed under the microscope,microprobe slice is prepared as sample,which is a challenge to the accuracy of XRD analysis.To test the feasibility of this method,six samples from Bayan Obo main ore were collected and made into microprobe slices for microscope observation and XRD analysis.The EDS and EPMA tests were supplemented while the results were compared・It is found that:(1)The XRD analysis results are basically consistent with the microscopic identification results・Through the appropriate placement of the microprobe slice,the area of XRD analysis is similar to the observation area under the microscope while the efficiency is higher.(2)XRD analysis is helpful to identify fine-grained minerals and similar minerals?and to provide reliable results for special minerals.(3)The strong metaplasia will lead to the omission of metaplasia minerals in XRD analysis.(4)The use of microprobe slice in Bayan Obo deposit is conducive to the subsequent joint analysis of multiple methods・It can give better play to the advantages of various equipment and form systematic and accurate identification results.

关 键 词：白云鄂博 矿物鉴定 探针片 XRD 变生 

分 类 号：P57[天文地球—矿物学]