两种灭螺药在山丘型流行区应用效果与成本分析  

Effectiveness and cost analysis of two chemical molluscicides in hilly schistosomiasis-endemic regions

作　　者：周星 袁敏 吴霞 李宗光 李坚仁 吕尚标 ZHOU Xing;YUAN Min;WU Xia;LI Zong-Guang;LI Jian-Ren;Lü Shang-Biao(Schistosomiasis Control Station of Yushan County,Yushan 334700,China;Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases)

机构地区：[1]江西省玉山县血吸虫病防治站,玉山334700 [2]江西省寄生虫病防治研究所

出　　处：《中国血吸虫病防治杂志》2021年第5期527-530,534,共5页Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control

基　　金：江西省重点实验室计划项目(20192BCD40006);江西省卫生健康委科技项目(202130999)。

摘　　要：目的分析50%和80%杀螺胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂及26%四聚杀螺胺悬浮剂在山丘型流行区的应用效果与成本,为该类流行区选择灭螺药物提供科学依据。方法 2020年9月选择江西省玉山县岩瑞镇关山桥村一片荒田为实验区,分成5个区块,设4个实验组(A_(1)、A_(2)、B、C组)和空白对照组(D组),其中A_(1)组和A_(2)组分别喷洒1 g/m^(2)和1.5 g/m^(2)80%杀螺胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂,B组喷洒2 g/m^(2)50%杀螺胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂、C组喷洒4 g/m^(2)26%四聚杀螺胺乙醇胺悬浮剂进行灭螺,D组不施用任何灭螺药物。灭螺前及灭螺后1、3、7、15 d,采用系统抽样法查螺,观察药物灭螺效果;统计各项灭螺费用,计算每组1 m^(2)灭螺成本及活螺平均密度每下降1%的成本。结果实验组施药7 d内,钉螺死亡率最高可达78.95%,活螺密度最低可降至0.238 8只/0.1 m^(2);7 d后,钉螺死亡率最高可达94.74%,活螺密度最低可降至0.058 0只/0.1 m^(2);施药后1、3 d和15 d,A_(1)、A_(2)、B组和C组钉螺死亡率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)1d=2.250、χ^(2)3d=1.779、χ^(2)15d=2.286,P均> 0.05),施药后7 d,组间差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)7d;7.990,P=0.046)。A;组和A;组在施药后1、3、7、15 d钉螺死亡率差异均无统计学意义(χ^(2)1d=0.724、χ^(2)3d=0.584、χ^(2)7d=0.400、χ^(2)15d=0.251,P均> 0.05)。A_(1)、A_(2)、B组和C组平均每1 m^(2)灭螺成本分别为0.58、0.60、0.64元和0.73元,各组活螺平均密度每下降1%的成本分别为19.29、20.44、21.68元和23.53元。结论在山丘型流行区使用80%杀螺胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂灭螺成本较低、效果较好。Objective amine salt(NESWP) and 26% metaldehyde and niclosamide suspension concentrate(MNSC) in hilly schistosomiasis-endemic regions, so as to provide insights into the selection of chemical molluscicides in hilly regions.Methods In September 2020, a wasteland in Guanshanqiao Village, Yanrui Township, Yushan County of Jiangxi Province was selected as the experimental region, which was sectioned into five blocks and defined as four experimental groups(A_(1), A_(2), B, C) and a blank control group(D).80% NESWP were given at doses of 1 g/m^(2)and 1.5 g/m^(2)n groups A;and A;using the spraying method, 50% NESWP was given at a dose of 2 g/m^(2)in Group B using the spraying method, and 26% MNSC was at a dose of 4 g/m^(2)in Group C using the spraying method, while no chemical treatment was given in Group D. Snail survey was performed using a systematic sampling method before chemical treatment and 1, 3, 7 d and 15 d post-treatment to examine the molluscicidal effect, and all molluscicidal costs were estimated to calculate the cost of chemical treatment per 1 m^(2)and the cost of the reduction in the mean density of living snails per 1%.Results The highest mortality of snails was 78.95% and the lowest density of living snails was 0.238 8 snails/0.1 m^(2)in the experimental groups within 7 d of chemical treatment, and the highest mortality of snails was 94.74% and the lowest density of living snails was 0.058 0 snails/0.1 m^(2)7 d post-treatment. There were no significant differences in the snail mortality among the A_(1), A_(2), B and C groups 1(χ^(2)= 2.250, P > 0.05), 3(χ^(2)= 1.779, P > 0.05) or 15 d post-treatment(χ^(2)= 2.286, P > 0.05), while a significant difference was detected in the snail mortality among the four groups 7 d post-treatment(χ^(2)= 7.990, P = 0.046). In addition, there were no significant differences in the snail mortality between A_(1)and A_(2)groups 1(χ^(2)= 0.724, P > 0.05), 3(χ^(2)=0.584, P > 0.05), 7(χ^(2)= 0.400, P > 0.05) or 15 d post-treatment(χ^(2)= 0.251, P > 0.05). The costs of

关 键 词：钉螺 80%杀螺胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂 50%杀螺胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂 26%四聚杀螺胺悬浮剂 成本-效果 山丘型流行区 

分 类 号：R383.24[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]