飞机隔框锻件预锻成形规律及影响因素模拟研究  

Simulation research on forming law and influencing factors for pre-forging of aircraft bulkhead forgings

作　　者：钟锐 魏科[1] 余鑫波 林美 胡康宏 Zhong Rui;Wei Ke;Yu Xinbo;Lin Mei;Hu Kanghong(School of Aeronautical Manufacturing Engineering,Nanchang Hangkong University,Nanchang 330063,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌航空大学航空制造工程学院,江西南昌330063

出　　处：《锻压技术》2021年第11期25-31,共7页Forging & Stamping Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52005241);江西省自然科学基金资助项目(20192BAB216023);南昌航空大学第十五届“三小”项目(2020HZ042)。

摘　　要：隔框是航空航天飞行器常用的传力及承力结构件,由筋肋、框壁及筋与筋之间的腹板组成,通常需要先预锻成形出满足几何形状和组织性能要求的预制坯,再通过终锻实现结构件成形。基于数值模拟方法,研究了飞机隔框锻件预锻成形过程中的材料流动规律,根据预锻件的结构特点,将其划分为方形区域和圆形区域,并分析了各区域充填和靠模顺序的影响因素。首先建立了隔框锻件预锻成形过程的有限元模型,随后采用简易的圆柱形毛坯分析了材料在型腔中的流动情况,结果表明:因毛坯放置在圆形区域,使得材料充填至方形区域滞后,易导致方形区域充填困难。最后,采用改进的毛坯形状,结合正交试验方法设计了模拟方案,研究了变形速度、摩擦因子、变形温度及毛坯放置位置对于充填影响的显著性以及影响规律,并获得了较优的工艺参数,使充填效果大大提高,不同区域的靠模顺序趋于一致。The bulkhead is a commonly used as force-transmitting and load-bearing structural part of aerospace vehicles, and it consists of ribs, frame walls and webs between ribs. Usually, it is necessary to pre-forge a preform that meets the requirements of geometrical shape and organizational performance, and then realize the component forming through final forging. Therefore, based on the numerical simulation method, the material flow law in the pre-forging process of aircraft bulkhead forgings was studied, and according to the structural characteristics of the pre-forged part, it was divided into a square area and a circular area, and the factors affecting the filling and die contact sequence of each area were analyzed. Firstly, a finite element model of the pre-forging process for bulkhead forgings was established, and then, the material flow condition in the die cavity was analyzed by a simple cylindrical billet. The results show that the material filling to the square area lags behind because the billet is placed in the circular area, which is easily to cause filling difficulty in the square area. Finally, the simulation schemes were arranged by taking the improved shape of billet and combining with the orthogonal experiment method, and the influences of deformation speed, friction factor, deformation temperature and billet placement position on the significance order and influence laws of the filling were studied. In addition, the better process parameters were obtained, the effective die filling was greatly improved, and the die contact sequence of different areas tended to be consistent.

关 键 词：隔框锻件 预锻成形 正交试验 显著性分析 靠模顺序 

分 类 号：TG316[金属学及工艺—金属压力加工]