6014铝合金热冲压中固溶处理工艺的实验研究  

Experimental study on solution treatment process of 6014 aluminum alloy in hot stamping

作　　者：沈智[1] 周英丽 金康 晏建武[1] 习锦程 Shen Zhi;Zhou Yingli;Jin Kang;Yan Jianwu;Xi Jincheng(School of Mechanical Engineering,Nanchang Institute of Technology,Nanchang 330099,China;Beijing National Innovation Institute of L.ightweight Ld.,Beijing 100083,China;Beijing Research Institute of Mechanical&Electrical Technology Ltd.,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌工程学院机械工程学院,江西南昌330099 [2]北京机科国创轻量化科学研究院有限公司,北京100083 [3]北京机电研究所有限公司,北京100083

出　　处：《锻压技术》2021年第11期124-129,共6页Forging & Stamping Technology

基　　金：江西省教育厅科技项目(GJJ201903);国家科技重大专项(2014ZX04002-071)。

摘　　要：以6014铝合金为研究对象,通过单向拉伸实验、显微硬度检测,研究了固溶处理工艺参数对材料抗拉强度、硬度与伸长率的影响规律,并采用响应面分析法拟合二元二次回归方程来表现其函数关系,量化了工艺参数对材料性能的影响;利用XRD分析固溶处理后的铝合金成分、利用扫描电镜观察微观组织、利用EBSD分析晶粒尺寸分布,从微观角度验证了固溶处理工艺对材料力学性能的影响机理;采用多目标优化方法对固溶处理工艺参数进行了优化。结果表明:随着固溶温度的升高与固溶时间的延长,6014铝合金的强度和硬度均先迅速提高,达到峰值后下降;固溶强化是依靠时效过程中析出的第二相粒子Mg_(2)Si来实现的,当固溶温度过高、固溶时间过长时,晶粒长大导致了强化效果的下降;热冲压中固溶处理最佳工艺参数为固溶温度为530℃、固溶时间为30 min。The influence laws of solution treatment process parameters on the tensile strength,hardness and elongation of 6014 aluminum alloy were studied through uniaxial tensile test and microhardness test.To quantify the influence of the process parameters on the mechanical properties,the response surface method was used to fit the binary quadratic equations to express the functional relationship.The composition of aluminum alloy after the solution treatment was analyzed by XRD.The microstructure was observed by SEM,and the grain size distribution was analyzed by EBSD,then the influence mechanism of the solid solution treatment process on the mechanical properties of material was investigated from microscopics.The parameters of the solid solution treatment process were optimized by the multi-objective optimization method.The results show that the strength and hardness of 6014 aluminum alloy increase quickly at first with the increasing of solution temperature and solution time,then decrease after reaching the peak values.The solution strengthening is realized by the second particle Mg_(2)Si precipitating during the aging process.The growth of grain leads to the decreasing of strengthening effect when the solution temperature is too high and the solution time is too long during the solution treatment.The optimum process parameters of the solution treatment in hot stamping are the solution temperature of 530℃and the solution time of 30 min.

关 键 词：6014铝合金 固溶处理 力学性能 显微组织 多目标优化 

分 类 号：TG307[金属学及工艺—金属压力加工]