属人的幸福如何可能?--读《1844年经济学哲学手稿》  

How isHuman Happiness Possible?--On the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

作　　者：孙成竹[1] 蔡怡然 SUN Cheng-zhu;CAI Yi-ran(Shandong Academy of Governance,Jinan 250103,China)

机构地区：[1]中共山东省委党校(山东行政学院)哲学部,济南250103 [2]中共山东省委党校〈山东行政学院〉,济南250103

出　　处：《山东行政学院学报》2021年第6期122-128,共7页Journal of Shandong Academy of Governance

摘　　要：在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中,马克思关于无产阶级历史命运及其自由解放的运思,间接地指向了人类幸福的问题。在马克思的语境中,属人的幸福是可以历史地展现出来的人的生命活动之和谐而完满的状态。作为人的“在世之在”的原初状态的幸福,不是“主体”的某种主观性体验,也不以虚妄的永生为前提,因为特定的个体作为特定的类存在物是迟早要死的。因此,马克思的运思包不仅包含着对近代主体形而上学,特别是康德和黑格尔之幸福观的深刻批判,而且呈现出向亚里士多德的某种回归。马克思致力于描述和阐释作为人的生命活动之完满状态的幸福及其构成要件的历史地生成,即人的需要合乎人性的满足,人的感觉的丰富性的生成,人的能力的全面发展,以及人的社会归属的实现,并热情肯定现代私有财产之运动对于人类幸福得以实现的物质条件的孕育。In the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844,Marx’s thoughts on the historical destiny of the proletariat and its free emancipation point indirectly to the question of human happiness.According to Marx,human happiness is the harmonious and complete state of human activity that can be historically revealed.Happiness as the original state of human“being in the world”is not some subjective experience of the“subject”,nor does it presuppose a false immortality,because a particular individual,as a particular class of being,is going to die sooner or later.Thus,Marx’s theories contain not only a severe critique of modern subject metaphysics,particularly Kant’s and Hegel’s conceptions of happiness,but also a kind of admiration for Aristotle.Marx is dedicated to describing and explaining the historical generation of happiness(as the complete state of human life activities)and its constituent elements,including the satisfaction of human needs in accordance with human nature,the generation of the richness of human feelings,and the overall development of human abilities,as well as the acquisition of a human sense of social belonging.Finally,Marx enthusiastically affirmed the movement of modern private property in creating the material conditions for the realization of human happiness.

关 键 词：马克思 幸福 劳动活动 历史条件 

分 类 号：D669.3[政治法律—政治学]