基于FCM的地震波形聚类方法研究  

Research on Seismic Waveform Clustering Method Based on FCM

作　　者：朱乾菲 柴变芳 韩红 硕良勋 ZHU Qian-fei;CHAI Bian-fang;HAN Hong;SHUO Liang-xun(Hebei GEO University,Shijiazhuang 050031,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]河北地质大学地球科学学院,河北石家庄050031 [2]河北地质大学信息工程学院,河北石家庄050031

出　　处：《河北地质大学学报》2021年第6期111-116,共6页Journal of Hebei Geo University

基　　金：河北地质大学科技创新团队(kJCXTD-2021-11)。

摘　　要：地震相分析就是在划分地震层序的基础上,利用地震参数特征上的差别,将地震层序划分为不同的地震相区,然后作出岩相和沉积环境的推断。沿解释层位提取的地震波形带有振幅、频率和相位信息,波形分类技术已被证明是地震相分析的有效方法。现有波形分类方法是根据波形特征将其硬分为某一类,而有些波形是多种波形的混合,与多种波形具有一定的相似性,这可能说明了某些过渡带的复杂反射波形是多种物质共同的反射。现有方法通常将波形完全归为一类,不能准确将地震波形映射到地下物质。模糊C均值(Fuzzy C-Means,FCM)是一种软隶属度聚类算法,可以将每个波形与多类物质建立映射。首先提取待测层位的地震波,利用FCM算法对地震波形进行划分,将每个地震波划分到最相似的几类,每类对应一种地下物质,进而根据划分类别生成待测层位的地震相。该地震相为地质解释工作人员识别地震相单元、分析和解释地质情况提供较为准确的参考依据。Seismic facies analysis is to divide seismic sequences into different seismic facies areas based on the difference in seismic parameter characteristics,and then infer lithofacies and sedimentary environment.The seismic waveform extracted along the interpretation horizon contains amplitude,frequency and phase information.Waveform classification technology has been proved to be an effective method for seismic facies analysis.The existing classification methods of waveforms are hard divided into a certain category according to the characteristics of waveforms.Some waveforms are a mixture of multiple waveforms and have certain similarity with multiple waveforms,which may indicate that the complex reflection waveforms in some transition zones are the common reflection of multiple substances.The existing methods usually completely classify the waveform into a class,and cannot accurately map the seismic waveform to the underground material.Fuzzy C-Means(FCM)is a soft membership clustering algorithm,which can map each waveform to many kinds of substances.Firstly,the seismic wave of the layer to be measured is extracted,and the seismic waveform is divided by FCM algorithm.Each seismic wave is divided into the most similar categories,and each category corresponds to a kind of underground material.Then the seismic facies of the layer to be measured is generated according to the classification.This seismic facies provides a more accurate reference for geological interpretation workers to identify seismic facies units,analyze and interpret geological conditions.

关 键 词：地震相分析 波形分类 模糊C均值 软划分 

分 类 号：P315[天文地球—地震学]