武汉市某小学一起流行性腮腺炎暴发疫情及疫苗保护效果评估  

Analysis of a mumps epidemic outbreak and evaluation of vaccination effects in a primary school in Wuhan

作　　者：彭颖[1] 王文勇 蔡黎[1] 鲁莎[1] 孔德广[1] PENG Ying;WANG Wen-yong;CAI Li;LU Sha;KONG De-guang(Institute of Infectious Disease Control,Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hubei430024,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]武汉市疾病预防控制中心传染病防制所,湖北430024 [2]武汉市江汉区疾病预防控制中心传染病防制科

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2021年第12期1132-1134,1139,共4页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：湖北省卫生健康科研基金(WJ2019H402);武汉市卫生健康科研基金(WG19Q05);武汉市中青年医学骨干人才培养工程(2017—2020年)。

摘　　要：目的调查分析武汉市某小学一起流行性腮腺炎暴发疫情以及接种含腮腺炎成分疫苗的保护效果,为预防和控制学校流行性腮腺炎疫情提供参考。方法采用现况调查和回顾性队列研究方法分析武汉市某小学流行性腮腺炎的暴发原因和流行特征,评估疫苗保护效果。结果本次疫情共报告41例流行性腮腺炎病例,罹患率为6.62%(41/619)。男、女罹患率分别为7.26%和5.82%,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.519,P=0.471)。发病年龄以10~11岁为主,占全部病例的75.61%。有明确接种史的学生中,含腮腺炎成分疫苗(MuCV)的接种率为93.39%。1剂次、2剂次疫苗接种保护率分别为58.19%、65.59%,总体疫苗保护效率为58.70%,RR=0.41(95%CI:0.24~0.75,P=0.003)。结论某小学流行性腮腺炎暴发疫情主要原因为首发病例未及时明确诊断并进行有效隔离,接种MuCV具有保护效果,但会随着接种年限衰减,建议入学前加强1剂次MuCV。Objective To investigate and analyze the cause of a mumps epidemic outbreak and vaccination effects of mumps-containing vaccine(MuCV)in a primary school in Wuhan,and to provide the reference for preventing and controlling the epidemic of mumps in school.Methods The inventory survey and retrospective cohort study method were used to analyze the outbreak causes and epidemic characteristics of mumps in a primary school in Wuhan,and to evaluate the protection effect of vaccination.Results A total of 41 mumps cases were reported during the epidemic outbreak with an attack rate of 6.62%(41/619).The attack rate of male and female was 7.26%and 5.82%respectively,and the difference wasn′t statistically significant(χ^(2)=0.519,P=0.471).The onset was mainly aged at 10-11 years old,accounting for 75.61%of all cases.The vaccination rate of MuCV among students with clear vaccination history was 93.39%,and the protection rate of one-dose and two-doses of MuCV were 58.19%and 65.59%respectively,and the overall protection rate was 58.70%with RR=0.41(95%CI:0.24-0.75,P=0.003).Conclusion The main cause of the mumps epidemic outbreak is that the first case failed to be timely and affirmatively diagnosed and isolated.MuCV vaccination is effective,but the effectiveness would wanes over time.It is recommended to strengthen MuCV immunization in children before enrollment.

关 键 词：流行性腮腺炎 流行特征 暴发疫情 疫苗保护效果 现场调查 队列研究 免疫策略 监测 

分 类 号：R512.1[医药卫生—内科学]