云南鼠疫近史疫区弥渡县鼠疫噬菌体的分离及其流行病学意义  

Study on isolation of Yersinia pestis phages in epidemic area in Midu County,Yunnan at modern times,and its epidemiological significance

作　　者：赵丹妮 吴鹤松[1] 苏超[1] 李伟[3] 王鹏[1] 钟佑宏[1] 宋志忠[4] ZHAO Dan-ni;WU He-song;SU Chao;LI Wei;WANG Peng;ZHONG You-hong;SONG Zhi-zhong(Yunnan Province Key Laboratory of Natural Epidemic Disease Control and Prevention Technology,Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Provention,Dali 671000,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]云南省地方病防治所云南省自然疫源性疾病防控技术重点实验室,大理671000 [2]临沧市疾病预防控制中心 [3]中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所鼠疫室 [4]云南省疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2021年第12期1181-1184,F0003,共5页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31660043,81560545);云南省高层次卫生技术人才培养经费资助(L-2019001,H-2019003);徐建国院士工作站(2018IC155);2020年云南省教育厅科学研究基金(2020Y0521)。

摘　　要：目的调查云南鼠疫近史疫区弥渡县鼠疫宿主动物中是否携带鼠疫噬菌体,并探讨其流行病学意义。方法选取弥渡县曾流行过鼠疫的6个乡镇进行鼠类标本(盲肠)的采集,以鼠疫疫苗株EV 76为饲养菌,采用双层平板法分离鼠疫噬菌体,分离结果利用SPSS 20.0进行描述流行病学分析,同时挑取部分噬菌体进行电镜扫描。结果(1)共获得287份标本(其中中华姬鼠123只,黄胸鼠104只,其余鼠种60只),分离到21株鼠疫噬菌体,分离率为7.32%;(2)弥渡县的2个乡镇(寅街镇、苴力镇)分离到鼠疫噬菌体,另外4个乡镇(弥城镇、新街镇、红岩镇及弥祉乡)未分离到鼠疫噬菌体;(3)21株鼠疫噬菌体中,14株分离自中华姬鼠,4株分离自黄胸鼠,2株分离自齐氏姬鼠,1株分离自臭鼩鼱;(4)初次分离到鼠疫噬菌体时,其噬斑在双层平板上呈现出多态性,大噬斑(直径3~4 mm)、中等噬斑(直径1~2 mm)及小噬斑(直径<1 mm)均存在;(5)4株代表性噬菌体皆为肌尾病毒科噬菌体。结论云南鼠疫近史疫区弥渡县普遍存在鼠疫噬菌体,可推定该地鼠疫自然疫源性长期存在,且所分鼠疫噬菌体具有一定多态性,提示应从基因组学及生态学方面,对其在鼠疫及其噬菌体微生态中的作用进行研究。Objective To investigate whether Yersinia pestis phages were carried in host animals in Midu County,Yunnan,where was a epidemic area of plague at modern times,and to explore its epidemiological significance.Methods Six towns in Midu County plague took place were selected to collect rodent specimens(cecum),the plague vaccine strain EV 76 was used as feeding bacteria,double-layer plate method was used to isolate the Yersinia pestis phages,epidemiological analysis were implemented using SPSS 20.0,and some phages were selected for electron microscopy scanning.Results(1)A total of 287 specimens were acquired(there were 123 mice of Apodemus draco,104 mice of Rattus flavipectus,and 60 rats of other species),and 21 strains of Yersinia pestis phages were isolated with the isolation rate was 7.32%.(2)Yersinia pestis phages was isolated from specimens from 2 towns in Midu County(Yinjie Town and Juli Town),and Yersinia pestis phages failed to be discovered in another four towns(Micheng Town,Xinjie Town,Hongyan Town and Mizhi Town).(3)In 21 strains of Yersinia pestis phages,14 strains were isolated from Apodemus draco,4 strains were from Rattus flavipectus,2 strains were from Apodemus chevrieri,and 1 strain was from Suncus Murinus.(4)When these Yersinia pestis phages were firstly isolated,the plague on the double-layer plate showed polymorphism,large plaques(approximately 3 mm to 4 mm in diameter),medium plaques(approximately 1 to 2 mm in diameter)and small plaques(diameter<1 mm)all exist.(5)All the four representative phages were all Mycoviridae phages.Conclusion Yersinia pestis phages are widespread in Midu,a plague epidemic area in Yunnan in recent history,it is presumed that the plague natural foci is available for a long time,and Yersinia pestis phages show certain polymorphism,indicating that correspondingrole in Yersinia pestis and phage microecology should be studied from the aspects of genomics and ecology.

关 键 词：鼠疫 鼠疫噬菌体 弥渡县 近史疫区 分离鉴定 流行病学 

分 类 号：R516.8[医药卫生—内科学]