基于中性等效风速的海上风廓线建模方法研究  

Study on Wind Profile Modeling of Offshore Based on Neutral Equivalent Wind Speed

作　　者：刘永前[1] 马晓梅[1,2] 高小力 阎洁[1] 韩爽[1] LIU Yongqian;MA Xiaomei;GAO Xiaoli;YAN Jie;HAN Shuang(State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources,North China Electric Power University,Beijing 102206,China;School of Physical and Electronic Information Engineering,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]华北电力大学新能源电力系统国家重点实验室,北京102206 [2]青海师范大学物理与电子信息工程学院,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《华北电力大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第6期97-105,共9页Journal of North China Electric Power University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFE0104800).

摘　　要：针对海上长期测风数据较少、风电机组轮毂高度高于测风塔高度、忽略大气稳定度及海面动力学粗糙度的外推方法难以保证精度的问题,综合考虑莫宁奥布霍夫相似理论及海面动力学粗糙度提出一种基于中性等效风速的海上风廓线模型。首先,研究了风资源评估中的重要因素(风切变指数、大气稳定度、湍流强度等)对海上风资源分布的影响;其次,用2个海上风电场实测数据验证提出的模型,与目前普遍使用的用全场平均风切变外推轮毂高度风速的方法相比,所提模型的风速均方根误差在两个风电场内可降低0.03 m/s到0.37 m/s,风功率密度均方根误差在两个风电场内可降低9.04 W/m^(2)到83.58 W/m^(2),且有效反映出海面动力学粗糙度及大气稳定度变化对海上风速垂直分布的影响,弥补了传统风切变公式的不足,为近海风资源评估及海上风电场的前期规划提供了依据。An offshore wind profile model based on neutral equivalent wind speed was proposed as a result of the current situation that long term measured data is deficient,hub height of offshore wind turbines is higher than that of anemometer tower,and the precision of extrapolation is low.Firstly,the influence of wind shear exponent,atmospheric stability and turbulence intensity on offshore wind resource has been studied.Secondly,we compared the proposed model which had been validated with measured data of two offshore wind farms to the conventional extrapolation approach.The result indicates that the root mean square error of wind speed of the proposed model can be reduced by 0.03 m/s to 0.37 m/s in two wind farms,and the root mean square error of wind power density can be reduced by 9.04 W/m^(2) to 83.58 W/m^(2),respectively in two wind farms.In addition,the model has effectively reflected the effects of the roughness of the surface dynamics and atmospheric stability on the ocean wind profile,which makes up for the deficiency of conventional formula of wind shear exponent,and also provides a basis for offshore wind resource assessment and preliminary planning for offshore wind farm.

关 键 词：轮毂高度风速 外推方法 大气稳定度 风资源评估 

分 类 号：TK89[动力工程及工程热物理—流体机械及工程]