小叶黑柴胡野生居群生物学特性与活性成分含量对典型生境的响应  

Response of biological characteristics and active component content of wild populations of Bupleurum smithii var.parvifolium to typical habitats

作　　者：任艳[1] 刘付松 刘莎 吴发明 REN Yan;LIU Fu-song;LIU Sha;WU Fa-ming(College of Pharmacy,National Institute of Materia Medica,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,China;School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Zunyi medical university,Zunyi 563000,China)

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学,四川成都610041 [2]遵义医科大学,贵州遵义563000

出　　处：《中草药》2021年第22期6998-7005,共8页Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs

基　　金：国家重点实验室开放课题(黔科合平台人才[2017]5101);贵州省教育厅青年科技人才成长项目(黔教合KY字[2017]196)。

摘　　要：目的探索不同微生境对小叶黑柴胡Bupleurum smithii var.parvifolium药材形成的影响,为其驯化栽培奠定基础。方法通过样方调查对不同生境中小叶黑柴胡种群结构、优势物种、药用植物多样性及柴胡表观形态特征进行统计分析;采用烘干法对土壤水分含量进行测定,采用550℃烧失量法对土壤有机质含量进行测定;采用HPLC法对柴胡中代表组分柴胡皂苷成分含量进行测定。结果哈思山地区野生小叶黑柴胡分布的典型生境有3个类型,分别为戈壁型、草甸型和灌丛型。戈壁型生境包括流石滩亚型和岩壁缝隙亚型,生境中无优势植物种群,戈壁型柴胡以匍匐型为主,地上部分生物量相对较少,地下生物量相对较多,活性成分含量相对较高;草甸型生境包括低海拔和高海拔2个亚型,低海拔草甸优势植物为地榆,高海拔草甸优势植物为珠芽蓼;灌丛型包括叉子圆柏灌丛、鲜黄小檗灌丛和峨眉蔷薇灌丛,草甸型和灌丛型柴胡以直立型为主,地上部分生物量相对较多,活性成分含量相对较低。结论小叶黑柴胡是一种极具开发潜力且对恶劣生境适应性极强的药用植物,不同微生境条件下小叶黑柴胡的表观形态和药材品质不同,为其驯化栽培和野生资源保护奠定了一定基础。Objective To explore the effect of different microhabitats on the formation of medicinal materials of Bupleurum smithii var.parvifolium for laying a foundation for its domestication and cultivation.Methods The population structure,dominant species,diversity of medicinal plants and apparent morphological characteristics of B.smithii var.parvifolium in different habitats were analyzed through quadrat survey;the water content of soil was determined by oven drying method;The content of soil organic matter was determined by 550℃loss of ignition method;The content of saikosaponin in representative component of B.smithii var.parvifolium was determined by HPLC.Result There were three types of typical habitats in Hasi Mountain area for the distribution of wild B.smithii var.parvifolium.The Gobi type habitats included the flowstone shallow subtype and the cliff wall cracks subtype.In this habitat,plants of B.smithii var.were mainly of the creeping type,the aboveground biomass was relatively small,the underground biomass was relatively large,and the content of active components was relatively high.The grass type habitats included the low-altitude and high-altitude subtypes,the dominant plants of the two subtype were Sanguisorba officinalis and Polygonum viviparum respectively.The shrub type habitats included Juniperus sabina,Berberis diaphana shrub and Rosa omeiensis shrub.Among the last five subtypes,plants of B.smithii var.parvifolium were mainly vertical type,and the aboveground biomass was relatively high,and the content of active components was relatively low.Conclusion B.smithii var.parvifolium is a kind of medicinal plant with great development potential and strong adaptability to harsh habitats.The apparent morphology and medicinal quality of B.smithii var.parvifolium are different under different microhabitats.The results of this study lay a certain foundation for its domestication,cultivation and wild resource protection.

关 键 词：柴胡 生物学特性 种群 生态环境 药材品质 柴胡皂苷A 柴胡皂苷c 柴胡皂苷D 

分 类 号：R282.6[医药卫生—中药学]