种植方式与栽培措施对白及产量和有效成分含量的影响研究  

Influences of different planting methods and cultivation measures on the yield and effective components of Bletilla striata

作　　者：刘成才 饶春梅 宋昌俊 余马[1] 帕塔姆汗·阿布杜合力克 戴明月 侯大斌[1] 龙晓燕[1] 唐志康[1] LIU Cheng-cai;RAO Chun-mei;SONG Chang-jun;YU Ma;PATAMUHAN·Abuduhelike;DAI Ming-yue;HOU Da-bing;LONG Xiao-yan;TANG Zhi-kang(College of Life Science and Engineering,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621000,China;Leshan Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Sichuan Province,Leshan 614000,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学生命科学与工程学院,四川绵阳621000 [2]四川省乐山市农业科学研究院,四川乐山614000

出　　处：《中草药》2021年第21期6669-6676,共8页Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs

基　　金：四川省重点研发计划(2018SZ0095);四川省重点研发项目(2020YFS0327);四川省科技创新苗子工程(2019-06);四川省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S201910619049)。

摘　　要：目的研究不同种植方式、遮阴度及施肥对白及Bletilla striata产量和品质的影响,确定最适种植方式和栽培管理措施,为白及规范化、规模化种植提供科学依据。方法采用3因素4水平正交设计进行田间试验,研究种植方式、遮阴度、施肥对2年生“川及1号”产量、多糖含量、1,4-二[4-(葡萄糖氧)苄基]-2-异丁基苹果酸酯含量的影响。结果不同种植方式与栽培措施对生长指标有显著影响;种植方式、遮阴度对块茎干质量、多糖及苹果酸酯含量有显著影响,施肥量对块茎干质量、多糖与苹果酸酯含量影响不显著。当采用覆膜栽培(A2)时,块茎干质量[(1784.51±100.01)kg/hm^(2)]、多糖[(39.04±0.28)%]与苹果酸酯含量[(7.72±0.45)%]均达到最高;当采用25%遮阴处理(C2)时,多糖含量最高,达到(39.31±0.28)%,无遮阴处理(C1)的苹果酸酯含量最高,达到(7.61±0.83)%。结论不同种植方式与栽培措施对白及产量与品质影响差异显著。“川及1号”适宜种植方式为覆膜栽培,采取25%的遮阴处理,高肥力土壤背景下150 kg/hm2为较适施肥量。Objective The effects of different planting methods,shading and amount of fertilizer on the yield and quality of Bletilla striata were studied.The optimum planting methods and cultivation management measures were determined,which will provide a scientific basis for the Bletilla striata of GAP.Methods In this study,the field experiment was carried out with three-factor and four-level orthogonal design to study the effects of planting methods,shading and fertilization on the yield,polysaccharide content and militarine content of 2-year-old Bletilla striata‘Chuan Ji No.1’.Results The different planting methods and cultivation measures has significant differences in the growth index of Bletilla striata.The planting methods and shading have significant influence on the dry weight tuber,the content of Bletilla striata polysaccharide and militarine,while the amount of fertilization has no significant influence.When the mulching cultivation(A2)was used,the dry weight of tuber(1784.51±100.01)kg/hm^(2),polysaccharide(39.04±0.28)%and militarine(7.72±0.45)%of Bletilla striata are the highest.When the 25%(C2)shading treatment was used,the content of polysaccharide is(39.04±0.28)%,and the 0%shading treatment(C1)of militarine is(7.61±0.83)%.Conclusion Different planting method and cultivation measures can change the yield and effective components of Bletilla striata.The suitable planting method of Bletilla striata,Chuan Ji No.1,is mulching cultivation,adopting 25%shading treatment,and under the background of high fertility soil,150 kg/hm2 is the appropriate fertilizer amount.

关 键 词：白及 种植方式 遮阴度 块茎干质量 白及多糖 苹果酸酯 

分 类 号：R286.2[医药卫生—中药学]