政治、礼制与科学:宗藩视域下的清代中朝交食测验与救护  

Politics,Ritual and Science:The interaction of activities of eclipses between Qing Dynasty and Joseon dynasty from the Perspective of Suzerain-vassal System

作　　者：李亮[1] LI Liang(Institute for the History of Natural Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院自然科学史研究所,北京100190

出　　处：《科学技术哲学研究》2021年第6期88-96,共9页Studies in Philosophy of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“17—20世纪国外学者研究中国宋元数理科学的历史考察和文献整理”(20&ZD228);国家社科基金“冷门绝学”研究专项“回回历法研究”(2018VJX041);国家自然科学基金面上项目“明清历算的实践与操作研究”(12173101)。

摘　　要：日月交食在中国古代具有特定的科学和社会意义,其救护仪式也是重要的礼制活动。随着西方天文学知识的传入,日月食的预报水平得到大幅提高,科学的进步不但对礼制产生了影响,在康雍乾时期交食的测验与救护也被清朝广泛用于国家治理和宗藩管理当中,成为重要的政治运作工具。中朝双方交食测验与救护活动的长期互动,反映出宗藩体系下清鲜关系的嬗变,以及双方在政治、礼制和科学等方面的内外角力。The phenomena of solar and lunar eclipses have specific scientific and social significance in pre-modern China,and the rescue ceremony of eclipse is also an important ritual activity.With the introduction of western astronomic knowledge,the ability of predicting solar and lunar eclipse was considerably improved.The progress of science also had an impact on the ritual system of aweing eclipses.In the period of Kangxi,Yongzheng and Qianlong,the activities of observing the eclipses and the ritual of aweing eclipses were widely adopted in national management and the control of vassal states as an essential tool for political operation.The long-term interaction of the activities of eclipses between the Qing court and Joseon dynasty reflects the evolution of the relationship between China and Korea,as well as the internal and external struggle between the two sides in politics,ritual and science.

关 键 词：日月食 交食测验 救护礼制 中朝关系 宗藩外交 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]