青海高原1961—2019年暖冷昼(夜)日数比变化特征研究  

Study on the variation characteristics of the warm-cold day (night) days ratio in Qinghai Plateau from 1961 to 2019

作　　者：罗静 郑国强 刘峰贵[1,3] 周强 陈琼 LUO Jing;ZHENG Guoqiang;LIU Fenggui;ZHOU Qiang;CHEN Qiong(College of Geography,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810008,China;Qinghai Engineering Consulting Center,Xining 810001,China;Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability,Xining 810008,China)

机构地区：[1]青海师范大学地理科学学院,青海西宁810008 [2]青海省工程咨询中心,青海西宁810001 [3]高原科学与可持续发展研究院,青海西宁810008

出　　处：《自然灾害学报》2021年第5期100-111,共12页Journal of Natural Disasters

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41261010,41550004)。

摘　　要：基于青海高原1961—2019年50个气象站点常规观测资料,采用极端气温相对指数探讨青海高原昼夜极端气温日数比变化特征及其演变规律,研究结果表明:(1)青海高原平均暖昼、冷昼、暖夜、冷夜临界温度值分别为20.7、-1.7、7.8、-18.5℃;(2)青海高原整体和各分区暖冷昼日数比均在1961—2010年呈显著增大趋势,2011—2019年略有下降,暖冷夜日数比均在1961—2019年呈显著增大趋势。青海高原整体、东部农业区、环湖地区、柴达木地区暖冷昼(夜)日数比突变在20世纪80年代,青南牧区则在20世纪90年代;(3)20世纪60年代—70年代东部农业区、柴达木中西部、青南牧区中西部地区暖冷昼(夜)日数比均不到0.7-0.8。20世纪80年代青海高原整体和各分区暖冷昼(夜)日数比基本持平或略少。20世纪90年代—21世纪10年代青南牧区中西部、柴达木中西部地区暖昼日数是冷昼日数的2.5倍以上,青南牧区西部、东部农业区、柴达木中西部地区暖夜日数是冷夜日数的2.8倍以上;(4)最高气温的显著上升是造成青海高原暖冷昼日数比呈显著增大趋势的主要原因,最低气温的显著上升是造成青海高原暖冷夜日数比呈显著增大趋势的主要原因,且青海高原日平均最低气温的上升幅度显著大于日平均最高气温的上升幅度。Exploring the variation characteristics and evolution of the warm-cold day(night) days ratio on Qinghai Plateau using the relative index of extreme temperature,which was based on the conventional observation data of 50 meteorological stations from 1961 to 2019.The results of the study show that:Firstly,the critical temperature threshold of average warm day,cold day,warm night and cold night are 20.7℃,-1.7℃,-7.8 ℃and-18.5℃ respectively in Qinghai Plateau;Secondly,the ratio of warm and cold days showed a significantly increasing trend from 1961 to 2010 and a slight decrease from 2011 to 2019,and the ratio of warm to cold night day showed a significantly increasing trend from 1961 to 2019 both the Qinghai Plateau as a whole and all subdivisions.The abrupt change in the ratio of warm to cold day(night) days in the Qinghai Plateau as a whole,the eastern agricultural region,the Qinghai lake area and the Qaidam area occurred in the 1980 s,while in the pastoral area of Southern Qinghai in the 1990 s.Thirdly,the ratio of warm and cold day(night) is less than 0.7 to 0.8 in the eastern agricultural area,central and western of Qaidam area,and central and western of Qingnan pastoral areas in 1960 s to 1970 s.The ratio of warm and cold days(nights) on the Qinghai Plateau as a whole and in each division is basically the same or slightly less in 1980 s.From 1990 s to the 2010 s,the number of warm days is more than 2.5 times that of cold days in the central and western part of Qingnan pastoral area and the central and western part of Qaidam,the number of warm night days is more than 2.8 times that of cold night days in western part of Qingnan pastoral area,eastern agricultural area,central and western part of Qaidam.Fourthly,the significant rise of the maximum temperature is the main reason for the significant increase of the ratio of warm and cold days in Qinghai Plateau,and the significant rise of the minimum temperature is the main reason for the significant increase of the ratio of warm and cold nights.

关 键 词：青海高原 极端气温 暖冷昼日数比 暖冷夜日数比 变化特征 

分 类 号：P429[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] S761[农业科学—森林保护学]