浅埋近距煤层煤柱集中应力传递规律分析  

Concentrated stress transfer mechanism of coal pillars in shallow-buried closely spaced multi-seam mining

作　　者：曹健 黄庆享[2] CAO Jian;HUANG Qingxiang(Institute of Mining Engineering and Coal,Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,Baotou,Inner Mongolia 014010,China;School of Energy,Xi'an University of Science and Technology,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古科技大学矿业与煤炭学院,内蒙古包头014010 [2]西安科技大学能源学院,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《采矿与安全工程学报》2021年第6期1071-1080,共10页Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51674190,52074211);西安科技大学优秀博士学位论文培养计划项目(PY18002)。

摘　　要：为探究浅埋近距煤层开采上煤层区段煤柱底板集中应力传递规律,以及下煤层煤柱集中应力控制方法,以柠条塔煤矿1^(-2)煤层与2^(-2)煤层开采为背景,结合理论分析、数值模拟及工程实践,建立上煤柱底板集中应力计算模型,揭示上煤层煤柱底板集中应力分布规律,提出基于下煤柱集中应力控制的煤柱错距确定方法。研究表明,随着上煤柱底板深度增加,煤柱正下方的垂直应力呈降速减小,水平应力分布曲线由1个峰值演化为2个峰值,且峰值应力位置向煤柱两端扩散。建立下煤柱集中应力控制的煤柱错距模型,提出煤柱错距确定方法,为控制重复采动下煤柱的集中应力,下煤层巷道应布置在上煤柱向下传递的高应力区范围之外。合理的煤柱错距主要与基岩、土层性质及层间距等因素有关,其随基岩和土层厚度的变化呈正相关,基岩(土层)厚度每增加10m,煤柱错距应增大1.123 m(0.987 m);煤柱错距随层间距的变化曲线呈"抛物线",层间距小于35 m时,煤柱错距随层间距增大呈降速增加趋势,层间距越小,其变化对合理错距的影响越显著,层间距35~45 m时,煤柱错距随层间距增大而减小。通过开采实例对煤柱错距模型进行验证,结合理论模型计算和数值模拟,柠条塔煤矿两煤层合理煤柱错距应大于20 m。研究结果可为浅埋近距煤层开采的煤柱减压提供新思路。In order to explore concentrated stress transfer mechanism of upper pillar floor in shallow-buried closely-spaced multi-seam mining and concentrated stress control method of lower pillars,with mining of seam 1^(-2)and seam 2^(-2)in Ningtiaota Coalmine as background,the calculation model of upper coal pillar floor stress was established through theoretical analysis,numerical simulation,and engineering practice.Concentrated stress distribution of upper pillar floor was revealed,and reasonable coal pillar staggered distance based on concentrated stress control of lower pillar was put forward.The results have shown that as upper pillar floor depth increases,vertical stress right below pillar moderatively decreases,horizontal stress curves change from one peak value into two peak value,and peak points move to the two sides of pillar.The coal pillar staggered distance model based on concentrated stress control was established,and the determination method of coal pillar staggered distance was put forward.In order to control concentrated stress of lower pillar during repeated mining,lower roadway should avoid area of high stress transferred from upper pillar.Coal pillar staggered distance is closely related to bedrock and soil layer properties as well as interburden thickness,and it is proportional to the change of bedrock and soil thickness;it should increase 1.123 m relatively as bedrock thickness increases 10 m;as for soil layer,it is 0.987 m.The relation between coal pillar staggered distance and interburden thickness presents a shape of"parabola",when interburden thickness is smaller than 35 m,coal pillar staggered distance represents moderative increase as interburden thickness increases,and the effect is more obvious when interburden thickness is smaller;when interburden thickness is 35-45 m,as interburden thickness increases,the coal pillar staggered distance decreases.Theoretical analysis is verified by mining cases,combining with theoretical model calculation and numerical simulation;reasonable coal pillar stag

关 键 词：浅埋近距煤层 集中应力 煤柱错距 基岩 土层 层间距 

分 类 号：TD322[矿业工程—矿井建设]