财政支出政策的减贫效应:相对贫困治理视角  

The Poverty Reduction Effect of Fiscal Expenditure Policy:A Perspective of Relative Poverty Governance

作　　者：缪言 白仲林[2] 尹彦辉 MIAO Yan;BAI Zhonglin;YIN Yanhui(Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin,China;Tianjin University of Finance&Economics,Tianjin,China;Shandong Management University,Jinan,China)

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学经济学院,300387 [2]天津财经大学统计学院,300222 [3]山东管理学院经贸学院,250357

出　　处：《经济学动态》2021年第9期120-133,共14页Economic Perspectives

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“经济高质量发展的宏观调控政策冲击识别与动态因果效应评价研究”(19BTJ052)。

摘　　要：为了厘清财政支出政策的减贫效应和作用机制,充分发挥政府支出工具治理相对贫困的积极作用,本文首先运用PSM方法验证了政府转移性支出扶贫效应和投资性支出的增收效应;其次,构建包含两类家庭的异质性动态一般均衡模型以揭示财政支出政策治理非李嘉图家庭相对贫困的经济机理;最后,构造"相对贫困指数"以评估财政支出工具治理相对贫困的动态效应。研究发现:积极的政府转移性(扶贫)支出政策具有迅速治理相对贫困的功效,但是对非李嘉图家庭工资收入存在"挤出"效应;虽然积极的政府投资性支出政策挤出私人投资,但能有效提升非李嘉图家庭就业和劳动收入,具有良好的相对贫困治理效应;积极的政府消费性支出政策会刺激短期需求、促进就业、拉动总产出增长,从而增加非李嘉图家庭收入、减少相对贫困,但是,长期而言会挤出居民消费,并且政策效应的持续性和有效性不及投资性支出。因此,"精准导向"的积极财政支出政策能够提升相对贫困的治理效果。In order to pinpoint the poverty reduction effect and transmission mechanism of fiscal expenditure policies,and give full play to the positive role of government expenditure tools in reducing relative poverty,this paper firstly uses the PSM method to evaluate the effect of government transfer expenditure on reducing poverty and the effect of investment expenditure on increasing income.Secondly,a heterogeneous dynamic general equilibrium model with two types of families is constructed to reveal the economic mechanism of fiscal expenditure policy in reducing relative poverty for non-Ricardian families.Finally,the "relative poverty index" is constructed to reflect the dynamic effect of fiscal expenditure tools on relative poverty.The results show that active government transfer expenditure policy can rapidly curb relative poverty but has the "crowding out" effect on the income of poor families.Although the active government investment would crowd out the investment of non-poor families,it can effectively promote the employment of poor families and increase the labor income of poor families,and has a sound relative poverty governance effect.The active government spending will boost short-term demand,expand the employment of both types of families,and stimulate the growth of total output,thus increasing the income of poor families and reducing relative poverty.However,in the long term,it will crowd out household consumption,and the policy is less effective and sustainable than investment.

关 键 词：财政支出政策 相对贫困 收入分配效应 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济] F812.8