从国际比较和历史视角看城市人口疏解政策  

Thought on the Population Dispersal Policy of China’s Cities from the International Comparison and Historical Perspective

作　　者：邓仲良 DENG Zhong-liang(Institute of Population and Labor Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijitig 100006,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院人口与劳动经济研究所,北京100006

出　　处：《齐鲁学刊》2021年第6期125-136,共12页Qilu Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“促进人口流动与城乡要素一体化协调的户籍制度改革研究”(21BJL090);中国社会科学院创新工程项目“释放城镇化改革红利的领域与对策研究”(RKSCX2017014);中国社会科学院青年人文社会科学研究中心项目“京津冀协调发展背景下的人口疏解政策调研”(2021QNZX002)。

摘　　要：从国际经验和历史视角对比研究发现,以城市功能调整、交通一体化、疏解和承接功能并重、建立统一的动态区域协调机制是促进大城市人口疏解的共性经验,而单一地推进人口疏解会造成城市中心区"内城问题",功能过度分散还将降低中心城市发展速度,违背劳动力向高经济密度地区流入的客观规律。人口规模控制和人口结构优化是影响大城市高质量发展的基本变量,中国城市发展需处理好两个关系,即"以大带小"的政策导向和人口流动经济规律的关系、自然承载力和经济承载力的关系,应正视大城市吸引人口的正效应,提高城市管理能力,加快推进超大城市户籍制度改革,进一步降低大城市落户壁垒,探索试点都市圈内以居住地登记制度替代积分落户和居住证制度。建立城市中心区微循环更新机制,以历史保护区模式统筹推进城市文脉传承和疏解空间再利用。加强都市圈内职住平衡,在政府主导新城建设基础上及时引入市场力量,完善新城的产业体系、公共服务和生活配套设施,逐步形成新城稳定的人口集聚力。Based on comparative study from international experience and historic perspective,it is found that the regular pattern to promote the population dispersal in mega-cities is to adjust urban functions,integrate transportation,attach equal importance to dispersal and undertaking functions in different regions,and establish a unified dynamic regional coordination mechanism.However,unilateral dispersal population policy will also cause"inner city problems"in the central urban area,and the excessive dispersion of regional functions also reduces the economic growth of urban core areas,which goes against the objective pattern of labor force migration into high economic density areas.Population scale control and population structure optimization are the basic variables that affect the high-quality development of large cities.China’s urban development needs to deal with two important relationships,which is,the relationship between the policy guidance of coordinating mechanism caused by the large city and the economic law of population migration,and the relationship between natural carrying capacity and economic carrying capacity,it’s necessary to realize the positive effect of agglomeration force from large cities,improve the management ability in cities,accelerate the Hukou reform in mega-cities,and further reduce the migration barriers in large cities,explore the residence registration system instead of Points settlement and residence permit system in the metropolitan area.Besides,it’s also significant to establish the microcirculation renewal mechanism in the urban core area,and promote the urban culture inheritance and the reuse of urban space after the dispersal policy with the historical protection district in the metropolitan area.It’s necessary to strengthen the balance between work and housing,combine the market timely with government force in the new city construction,and correspondingly improve the industrial system,public services and living facilities in the new city,city gradually new which could help

关 键 词：人口疏解政策 劳动力流动 超大城市发展 城市功能优化 人口变量 

分 类 号：F290[经济管理—国民经济]