机械球磨改性零价铝的作用机制  

Modification Mechanism of Zero-Valent Aluminum by Mechanical Ball Milling

作　　者：杨世迎[1,2,3] 刘俊琴 李乾风 李阳 Shiying Yang;Junqin Liu;Qianfeng Li;Yang Li(The Key Laboratory of Marine Environment&Ecology,Ministry of Education,Qingdao 266100,China;Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering(MEGE),Qingdao 266100,China;College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室,青岛266100 [2]山东省海洋环境地质工程重点实验室,青岛266100 [3]中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院,青岛266100

出　　处：《化学进展》2021年第10期1741-1755,共15页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金面上项目(No.ZR2020MB093)资助。

摘　　要：零价铝(Zero-valent aluminum,ZVAl)具有良好的延展性和质轻等物理特性以及极低的氧化还原电位等化学特性。在新型轻质高强度复合材料的制备中,ZVAl已被优先考虑作为理想的金属基体;另一方面,作为优良的电子供体,ZVAl被用于产氢领域铝水反应的快速析氢和环境领域污染物的高效去除。机械球磨作为一种操作简单和易于工程化的材料加工新方法,可有效克服传统铝基金属材料制备方法中的混合不均匀及界面结合差等问题;也可有效破坏ZVAl表面的致密氧化膜,促进ZVAl的电子释放。已有研究发现,通过球磨ZVAl与助磨剂,控制研磨强度,可以实现复合材料的均匀分散和良好的界面结合,并伴随有少量的金属间化合物和化学活性物质的生成,获得具有优异材料性能的复合物;另外,通过机械球磨过程中的"切割器"作用,置换、碳化或脱氯等机械化学反应,微观结构的改变,以及水介质中的点蚀作用、原电池效应和副反应的减少等作用机制,可提高产氢量和污染物的去除率。本文综述了利用机械球磨来增强ZVAl基复合材料的机械性能的基本原理,系统总结了ZVAl机械球磨表面改性及其用于产氢和污染物去除时的内在作用,探讨了球磨参数和水化学参数对体系的影响规律,并就值得深入研究的问题进行了展望,以期通过对不同学科相关领域的深入了解,来推动机械球磨改性ZVAl在环境领域的进一步发展。Zero-valent aluminum(ZVAl)possesses physical properties of good ductility and light weight,and has chemical properties of more negative redox potential.In the preparation process of new lightweight and high-strength composite materials,ZVAl has been taken preferentially as an ideal metal matrix.On the other hand,ZVAl,an excellent electronic donor,has been used for rapid hydrogen evolution and efficient removal of pollutants in the field of hydrogen production and environment remediation.Mechanical ball milling,is a novel material processing method which is simply operated and easy engineering.Furthermore,it can overcome the drawbacks of ununiform mixing and poor interface combination in the traditional preparation methods of aluminum-based metal materials.Moreover,it can destroy the dense oxide film on the surface of ZVAl,and break through the bottleneck that limits the electronic release of ZVAl.By ball milling ZVAl and grinding aids to control the grinding strength,the uniform dispersion and good interface bonding of the composites can be achieved,and a small amount of intermetallic compounds and chemically active substances are generated.As a result,the composites with excellent material properties can be obtained.Besides,the quantity of hydrogen production and the efficiency of pollutants removal could be increased through the function of the“cutter”,the mechanical chemical reaction such as displacement,carbonization or dechlorination,the change of microstructure during mechanical ball milling,and the pitting effect,the primary battery effect,the reduction of side reactions in the aqueous medium and other action mechanisms.Above all,this paper summarizes the principle of using mechanical ball milling to enhance the mechanical properties of ZVAl-based composite materials.In addition,the surface modification of ZVAl by mechanical ball milling and the mechanism of its application in hydrogen production and pollutant removal are systematically summarized.Afterward,the influence of ball milling parameters and

关 键 词：机械球磨 零价铝 表面改性 作用机制 球磨参数 水化学参数 

分 类 号：O614.31[理学—无机化学] X52[理学—化学]