细胞膜修饰的纳米载体与肿瘤免疫治疗  

Nanocarriers Modified by Cell Membrane and Their Applications in Tumor Immunotherapy

作　　者：官启潇 郭和泽 窦红静[1] Qixiao Guan;Heze Guo;Hongjing Dou(State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院金属基复合材料国家重点实验室,上海200240

出　　处：《化学进展》2021年第10期1823-1840,共18页Progress in Chemistry

摘　　要：纳米载体由于其纳米尺度带来的独特生物功能性,可通过特定设计在生物体内靶向递送各类抗肿瘤药物,具有广泛而重要的应用前景。自肿瘤免疫疗法问世之后,各类纳米载体与肿瘤免疫治疗相结合,逐渐成为提升肿瘤免疫治疗效果的重要手段之一。其中,细胞膜修饰的纳米载体作为一类新型仿生药物载体平台,可使纳米载体获得天然细胞膜的伪装修饰,将细胞膜的特定功能与生物特性转移至纳米载体,使其具有更强的抗免疫清除、血液长循环和肿瘤靶向等特性,同时降低纳米递送系统的免疫原性和细胞毒性,在生物医学应用领域尤其是肿瘤免疫治疗中可发挥更大的作用。本文通过结合免疫治疗的机理,对近年来各种细胞膜修饰纳米载体系统的制备方法、作用机制以及在肿瘤免疫治疗中的应用研究进行综述,并在此基础上对未来的相关探索做出了展望。Due to the unique biological functionality resulting from the nano scale,nanocarriers can deliver various kinds of anti-tumor drugs in vivo through specific design,showing an important application prospect.Since the advent of tumor immunotherapy,a brand-new anti-tumor method,the combination of various nanocarriers and tumor immunotherapy has gradually become one of the important means to improve the effect of tumor immunotherapy.Among them,as a new kind of biomimetic drug carrier platform,the nanocarrier modified by cell membrane can make the nanocarrier achieve the camouflage modification of natural cell membrane.Meanwhile,such a decoration is able to transfer the specific functions and biological characteristics of cell membrane to the nanocarrier,so that it is equipped with stronger ability of anti-immune clearance,long blood circulation and tumor targeting,and thus reduces the immunogenicity and cytotoxicity of nano delivery system.Therefore,the membrane modified nanocarriers can play a greater role in biomedical applications,especially in tumor immunotherapy.In this article,combined with the mechanism of immunotherapy,the preparation methods,anti-tumor mechanism and application research in tumor immunotherapy of nanocarrier systems modified by numerous kinds of cell membrane in recent years are reviewed,and on this basis,the related exploration in the future is prospected.

关 键 词：纳米载体 肿瘤治疗 免疫疗法 细胞膜 靶向递送 

分 类 号：O641.3[理学—物理化学]