新疆短时强降水天气雷达回波特征  

Radar Echo Characteristics of Short-Time Severe Precipitation in Xinjiang

作　　者：庄晓翠[1,2] 张云惠 周雪英[4] 杨莲梅[1] 祝小梅 黄艳[6] 罗继 ZHUANG Xiaocui;ZHANG Yunhui;ZHOU Xueying;YANG Lianmei;ZHU Xiaomei;HUANG Yan;LUO Ji(Institute of Desert Meteorology,CMA,Urumqi 830002;Altay Meteorological Office of Xinjiang,Altay 836500;Xinjiang Meteorological Observatory,Urumqi 830002;Meteorological Office of Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang,Korla 841000;Meteorological Office of Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang,Ili 835000;Hotan Meteorological Office of Xinjiang,Hotan 848000;Aksu Meteorological Office of Xinjiang,Aksu 843000)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,乌鲁木齐830002 [2]新疆阿勒泰地区气象局,阿勒泰836500 [3]新疆气象台,乌鲁木齐830002 [4]新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州气象局,库尔勒841000 [5]新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州气象局,伊犁835000 [6]新疆和田地区气象局,和田848000 [7]新疆阿克苏地区气象局,阿克苏843000

出　　处：《气象》2021年第11期1402-1415,共14页Meteorological Monthly

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1507102和2018YFC1507103);国家自然科学基金项目(41965002);中亚大气科学研究基金(CAAS201921)共同资助。

摘　　要：利用新疆8部多普勒天气雷达资料,对其有效探测范围内2010—2018年暖季出现的229次不伴有冰雹的短时强降水雷达主要回波参数特征进行统计分析,并与中国中东部地区对比。结果表明,影响新疆短时强降水的对流风暴主要有合并加强型、列车效应型和本地发展型三类,合并加强型最多(占45%),列车效应型最少(占20%),且因天山地形作用主要发生在天山北坡。凝练出各区域各类型雷达主要回波参数阈值,总体而言:南疆短时强降水阈值小于北疆,伊犁河谷最大,阿克苏地区最小;伊犁河谷短时强降水以低质心回波为主;北疆和巴州北部短时暴雨的最大回波强度大于50 dBz,南疆西部和阿克苏地区分别大于45 dBz、40 dBz;径向速度图上大多数个例能够监测到强辐合,受特殊地形影响,南疆西部和天山北坡监测到的强辐合较多;由超级单体造成的短时强降水在阿克苏地区发生相对较多,在其他区域为小概率事件。新疆伴有冰雹的短时强降水为小概率事件。新疆短时强水和短时暴雨最大回波强度阈值总体上高于中国中东部地区。Using the data of 8 Doppler weather radars in Xinjiang,this paper statistically analyzes the main radar echo parameters of 229 short-time severe precipitations without hail in the warm season from 2010 to2018 in the effective detection range,and compares the results with those in central and eastern parts of China.The results show that the convective storms affecting Xinjiang’s short-time severe precipitation mainly include three types:merged-enhanced,train-effect,and locally developing.The merged-enhanced type is the most(45%),and the train-effect type is the least(20%).Because of the topography of the Tianshan Mountains,it mainly occurs on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains.Besides,the main echo parameter thresholds of various types of radars in various regions are summarized.In general,the short-time severe precipitation threshold in southern Xinjiang is smaller than that in northern Xinjiang,the largest in the Ili Valley,and the smallest in the Aksu area.The short-time severe precipitation in the Ili Valley is dominated by low-centroid echo.The maximum echo intensity of the short-time rainstorm is more than 50 dBz in northern Xinjiang and northern Bazhou,more than 45 dBz and 40 dBz in the western part of southern Xinjiang and Aksu Region,respectively.In most cases,strong convergence can be found on the radial velocity chart,but the western part of southern Xinjiang and the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain have more strong convergence due to the influence of special topography.Short-time severe precipitation caused by supercells occurs relatively frequently in Aksu Region,not often seen in other regions.In Xinjiang,the probability of short-time severe precipitation accompanied by hail is small.The maximum echo intensity threshold of short-time severe precipitation and rainstorm in Xinjiang is generally higher than that in central and eastern China.

关 键 词：新疆 短时强降水 回波参数 阈值 

分 类 号：P412[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]