凌汛期堤防漫顶溃口破坏规律断面模型试验Ⅱ:非黏性土堤  

Cross-section model test for embankment overtopping breach patterns during ice flood seasonⅡ:Non-cohesive soil embankments

作　　者：刘昉[1] 吴敏睿 戚园春 周世佳 张剑 徐国宾[1] LIU Fang;WU Minrui;QI Yuanchun;ZHOU Shijia;ZHANG Jian;XU Guobin(State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300354,China;Tianjin University Frontier Technology Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin 301700,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学水利工程仿真与安全国家重点实验室,天津300354 [2]天津大学前沿技术研究院有限公司,天津301700

出　　处：《水资源与水工程学报》2021年第5期135-143,共9页Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1508403)。

摘　　要：为了研究凌汛期堤防漫顶破坏溃口发展规律,分别进行了洪水和冰凌条件下的均质非黏性土堤溃决模型试验。结果表明:两种条件下的溃堤过程均可划分为4个阶段:渗透过流、堤后冲刷、溃口展宽和冲淤平衡,各阶段发展速度和形式有所不同;通过分析溃堤过程、溃口宽度以及流速和水位变化过程的异同点可知,两种条件下流速和水位变化趋势基本一致,冰凌条件下峰值流速明显增大且出现时间提前,峰值流速最大可增加81.5%;同一流量下,增大堤顶宽度对流速和水位的影响不大,而减缓堤身断面的边坡能显著降低堤后水位的上升速度和溃口处峰值流速。试验结果有助于认识凌汛期堤防溃决的过程和特点,可为凌汛期非黏性土堤险情防控和抢险措施的制定提供科学的参考。In order to study the development law of overtopping breach of embankments during ice flood season,the homogeneous and non-cohesive soil embankment burst tests were carried out under the flood and ice flood conditions.The breach process under these two conditions was divided into four stages,which are seepage and overflow,scouring behind the embankment,widening of the breach and balance of scouring and silting.The development speed and form of each stage were different.The similarities and differences of the breach process,breach width,flow velocity and water level change process under the two conditions were analyzed emphatically.The results show that the change trend of the flow velocity and water level are in substantial agreement under the two conditions.Under the ice flood condition,the peak velocity increased significantly and occurred earlier than usual,which could reach twice as much at most.So,increasing the top width of the embankment has little effect on the velocity and water level,whereas increasing the slope ratio can significantly reduce the rising speed and peak velocity of the water level behind the embankment.The test results can help understand the process and characteristics of embankment breach in the period of ice flood,so as to provide scientific reference for the formulation of control measures for non-cohesive soil embankments during ice flood season.

关 键 词：非黏性土堤 冰凌条件 物理模型试验 漫顶溃决 溃口发展 

分 类 号：TV871.3[水利工程—水利水电工程]